Pass the ECCouncil Application Security 312-96 Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

The type of attack depicted in the figure is a session fixation attack. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how this attack works:

The attacker creates a new session on a website and obtains a valid session ID.

The attacker then tricks the user into using this session ID, often by sending a link that includes the session ID as a parameter.

When the user logs in using this session ID, the attacker, who now knows the session ID, can hijack the session.

This allows the attacker to impersonate the user and carry out actions on their behalf.

In the context of the image, the steps are as follows:

The attacker logs into a bank website using his credentials.

The webserver sets a session ID on the attacker’s machine.

The attacker logs into the server using the victim’s credentials with the same session ID.

The attacker sends an email containing a link with a set session ID to the user.

The user clicks on the link and is redirected to the bank website.

The user logs into the server using his credentials and the fixed session ID.

The attacker can then use the same session ID to gain unauthorized access.

References: For more information on session fixation attacks, you can refer to security resources such as OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) and other cybersecurity publications that discuss common web vulnerabilities and their mitigation strategies.

The @ControllerAdvice annotation is used in Spring Framework to handle exceptions globally across the whole application, not just to an individual controller. It allows you to handle exceptions across multiple @Controllers. This annotation is used alongside @ExceptionHandler to define a global exception handling mechanism.

Here’s how it works:

The @ExceptionHandler annotation is used to define methods in your @ControllerAdvice class that will handle exceptions.

When an exception is thrown, the Spring Framework checks for a matching @ExceptionHandler method in a @ControllerAdvice class.

If a match is found, the exception is handled by the method annotated with @ExceptionHandler.

References:For more detailed information and learning resources, you should refer to the official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA study guides and courses, which can be found on their official website and iClass platform.

The image depicts URLs with modified query parameters, which is indicative of a Parameter Tampering Attack. In this type of attack, an attacker manipulates the parameters exchanged between the client and the server to alter application data, such as user credentials and permissions. This can lead to unauthorized access or other malicious activities.

In the image:

The first URL has a parameter ‘debit’ changed from one value to another.

The second URL also shows a change in the ‘debit’ parameter.

The third and fourth URLs depict changes in ‘status’ parameter values.

These modifications can lead to unauthorized actions being performed on behalf of an authenticated user without their consent.

References:For precise references, please refer directly to EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA related courses and study guides, as my capabilities do not include real-time access to external databases or the internet for document retrieval. However, the information provided is based on my training data up to my last update in September 2021.

The image depicts a process where a single key is used for both encryption and decryption, which is characteristic of symmetric encryption. In symmetric encryption, the same key is applied to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext and then used again to decrypt the ciphertext back into the original plaintext. This method is efficient for scenarios where secure channels exist for key exchange.

References:For precise references, please consult the EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA related courses and study guides, as my capabilities are designed to provide information based on general knowledge and do not include real-time access to external databases or documents.

To enable the Struts validator, you typically need to set the validate attribute to “true” in the Struts configuration file. This is done within the <form-beans> section of the struts-config.xml file, where you define your form beans and their associated validation rules. Here’s a step-by-step explanation:

Open the struts-config.xml file.

Locate the <form-beans> section.

For each form bean that requires validation, ensure that the validate attribute is set to “true”.

Define your validation rules in a separate XML file, typically named Validation.xml.

Link this validation file with your form bean using the <formset> tags.

Ensure that the  plug-in is defined in your struts-config.xml file to enable the validation framework.

References: While I can’t provide direct references to the EC-Council’s CASE JAVA courses and study guides, you can refer to the official Struts documentation and community resources for more information on configuring the validator in Struts applications. The official Apache Struts website would be a good starting point.

Jacob is performing a Static Application Security Testing (SAST). SAST involves inspecting the source code to find security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. It is a white-box testing method where the tester has knowledge of the system architecture and source code. SAST tools analyze the code for patterns that may indicate security issues, such as input validation errors, insecure dependencies, and more.

References:For specific references, please consult the EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA related courses and study guides. These resources will provide detailed information on SAST and its methodologies as per the EC-Council’s standards and guidelines. My response is based on the general knowledge of application security practices up to the year 2021.

The correct line of code for strictly validating the request parameter value before processing it for execution is option B. This code snippet uses a regular expression to ensure that the CatId parameter only contains alphanumeric characters, which is a common validation technique to prevent SQL injection and other forms of attacks. The Pattern.compile("[a-zA-Z0-9]*$") creates a pattern that matches a string of zero or more alphanumeric characters. The matcher method is then used to match the pattern against the CatId parameter obtained from the request. If the parameter matches the pattern, m.matches() returns true, indicating that the parameter is valid.

References: The answer provided is in accordance with the best practices for input validation as outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA training and certification program. The program emphasizes secure coding practices, including input validation to protect against common security threats such as SQL injection. For further details, please refer to the official EC-Council CASE JAVA course materials and study guides12.

The code snippet provided is a Java method designed to validate usernames. It employs a blacklist input validation approach, where it checks if the username contains certain prohibited strings (like “SCRIPT”, “SELECT”, “UNION”, “WHERE”, etc.). If the username contains any of these strings, the method returns false; otherwise, it returns true.

This approach is considered a security mistake because blacklisting is generally not as secure as whitelisting. Blacklisting attempts to identify and block known bad inputs, but attackers can often bypass this by using variations or encodings that are not included in the blacklist. Whitelisting, on the other hand, only allows specifically approved inputs and blocks everything else, making it more secure.

In this specific case:

The developer has created an array of strings containing SQL and script injection keywords.

The validateUserName() function iteratively checks if any of these keywords are present in the username.

If found, it returns false; otherwise true.

A more secure approach would be to use whitelist validation where only specific patterns of usernames are allowed or employ additional layers of security like parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection and encoding/escaping user inputs to prevent XSS attacks.

References:For precise references, please refer to the EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA related courses and study guides, which provide comprehensive coverage on secure coding practices and input validation strategies1234.

 The account lockout mechanism is designed to prevent brute-force attacks by locking an account after a certain number of failed login attempts. However, this security feature can be abused to perform a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. An attacker could deliberately fail the login process multiple times for a legitimate user’s account, causing the account to be locked and preventing the legitimate user from accessing their account. This type of attack exploits the security feature to deny service to legitimate users.

References: The explanation aligns with the security testing guidelines provided by the OWASP Foundation, which discusses the balance required in account lockout mechanisms to protect against unauthorized access while not denying access to authorized users1. Additionally, research papers such as those from Worcester Polytechnic Institute detail how account lockout mechanisms can be exploited to create DoS attacks2. For official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documentation and learning resources, please refer to the EC-Council’s official materials and courses.

Spring Security provides built-in protection against session fixation attacks. It does this by invalidating the existing session and creating a new one when a user authenticates. This behavior can be configured using the sessionManagement() method in the Java configuration. The newSession strategy, which is the default, changes the session ID upon authentication to protect against session fixation.

Here’s an example of how it can be configured:

Java

http.sessionManagement()

sessionFixation().migrateSession();

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

This configuration ensures that a new session is created, and the old one is invalidated when the user logs in, thus providing protection against session fixation attacks.

References:The information provided is based on the standard configuration practices for Spring Security to protect against session fixation attacks. For more detailed information, you can refer to the official Spring Security documentation123 and other authoritative resources on Spring Security session management.