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According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 standard, information security incident management is the process of ensuring a consistent and effective approach to the management of information security incidents, events and weaknesses. One of the objectives of this process is to collect and preserve evidence that can be used for disciplinary and legal action, as well as for learning and improvement. Therefore, Anna should be aware of the collection and preservation of records when gathering data for the forensics team. She should follow the information security incident management policy of InfoSec, which specifies the type, format, content and location of the records to be created and maintained. She should also ensure that the records are protected from unauthorized access, modification, deletion or disclosure, and that they are retained for an appropriate period of time.

References:

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements, Clause 16.1.7, Collection of evidence

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements, Annex A.16.1.7, Collection of evidence

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study Guide, Chapter 9, Information security incident management

The statement describes the organizational boundaries of the ISMS scope, which define which parts of the organization are included or excluded from the ISMS. The organizational boundaries can be based on criteria such as departments, functions, processes, activities, or locations. In this case, the statement specifies that the ISMS covers all departments within Company XYZ that have access to customers’ data, and excludes the ones that do not. The statement also explains the purpose of the ISMS, which is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of customers’ data, and ensure compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements regarding information security.

The statement does not describe the information systems boundary of the ISMS scope, which defines which information systems are included or excluded from the ISMS. The information systems boundary can be based on criteria such as hardware, software, networks, databases, or applications. The statement does not mention any specific information systems that are covered by the ISMS.

The statement also does not describe the physical boundary of the ISMS scope, which defines which physical locations are included or excluded from the ISMS. The physical boundary can be based on criteria such as buildings, rooms, cabinets, or devices. The statement does not mention any specific physical locations that are covered by the ISMS.

References:

ISO/IEC 27001:2013, clause 4.3: Determining the scope of the information security management system

ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4: Planning the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001

ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 6: Implementing the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001

ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 7: Performance evaluation, monitoring and measurement of the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001

ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Continual improvement of the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001

ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 9: Preparing for the ISMS certification audit

ISO/IEC 27001 scope statement | How to set the scope of your ISMS - Advisera1

How to Write an ISO 27001 Scope Statement (+3 Examples) - Compleye2

How To Use an Information Flow Map to Determine Scope of Your ISMS3

ISMS SCOPE DOCUMENT - Resolver4

Define the Scope and Objectives - ISMS Info5

In Scenario 3, the measure that would help Socket Inc. address similar information security incidents in the future is "B. Using cryptographic keys to protect the database from unauthorized access." Implementing cryptographic controls, including cryptographic key management, is a proactive measure to secure the data in the MongoDB database against unauthorized access. It ensures that even if attackers gain access to the database, they cannot read or misuse the data without the appropriate cryptographic keys. This approach aligns with best practices for securing sensitive data and is part of a comprehensive security strategy.

References:

ISO 27001 - Annex A.10 – Cryptography

ISO 27001 Annex A.10 - Cryptography | ISMS.online

ISO 27001 cryptographic controls policy | What needs to be included?

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 does not prescribe a specific approach for implementing an ISMS, but rather provides a set of requirements and guidelines that can be adapted to the organization’s context, scope, and objectives. Therefore, organizations can use any approach that is suitable for their scope, as long as it meets the requirements of the standard and enables the achievement of the intended outcomes of the ISMS. The approach should also consider the needs and expectations of the interested parties, the risks and opportunities related to information security, and the legal and regulatory obligations of the organization.

References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.1; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4, slide 9.

According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, a nonconformity report is a document that records the details of any deviation from the audit criteria that is identified during an audit2. The audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures, requirements, or specifications that are used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared3. Therefore, a nonconformity report must include the following aspects:

The description of the nonconformity, which should clearly state what the deviation is, where it occurred, and when it was detected

The audit findings, which should provide the objective evidence that supports the identification of the nonconformity

The audit criteria, which should specify the reference document or standard that the nonconformity deviates from

The recommendations, which should suggest the possible corrective actions or improvements that can be taken to address the nonconformity

In scenario 8, Tessa’s nonconformity report included the description of the nonconformity, the audit findings, and the recommendations, but it did not specify the audit criteria. Therefore, the report did not include all the necessary aspects and was incomplete.

References:

1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Clause 9.2.3

2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Clause 3.23

3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Clause 3.5

: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A.9.2.3

According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.5.1, the organization shall ensure that the documented information required by the ISMS and by this document is controlled to ensure that it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed, and that it is adequately protected. This includes ensuring that the documented information is reviewed and approved for suitability and adequacy. The information security procedures are part of the documented information that supports the operation of the ISMS processes and the implementation of the information security controls. Therefore, they should be drafted, reviewed, and validated by the information security committee, which is the group of people responsible for overseeing the ISMS and ensuring its alignment with the organization’s objectives and strategy. The information security committee should include representatives from different functions and levels of the organization, as well as external experts if needed. The information security committee should also ensure that the information security procedures are communicated to the relevant employees and other interested parties, and that they are periodically reviewed and updated as necessary.

References:

ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements, clauses 5.3, 7.5.1, and 9.3

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and content, 4 and 5