Pass the Paloalto Networks Network Security Administrator NGFW-Engineer Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

To meet the requirement of data isolation for different regional business units while minimizing administrative overhead, the best approach is to establish separate Cloud Identity Engine (CIE) tenants for each business unit. Each tenant would be integrated with the relevant identity sources (such as on-premises AD, Azure AD, and Okta) for that specific region. This ensures that the identity data for each region is kept isolated and only relevant user and group data is distributed to the respective regional firewalls.

By maintaining a strict one-to-one mapping between CIE tenants and business units, the organization ensures that each region’s firewall only receives the user and group data relevant to that region, thus meeting data sovereignty requirements and minimizing administrative complexity.

In an active/passive HA setup, the recommended process for upgrading involves minimizing downtime and ensuring traffic continuity by using the failover process:

Suspend the active firewall: This triggers a failover to the passive unit, making it the active unit.

Upgrade the former passive (now active) unit: With traffic now running on the previously passive unit, upgrade the suspended unit while the active unit continues handling traffic.

Confirm proper operation: Once the upgrade is complete, verify that the upgraded unit is functioning properly.

Fail traffic back: Once the upgraded firewall is confirmed to be working, fail the traffic back to the original active unit and upgrade the remaining firewall.

To enable both RADIUS and SAML authentication to run in parallel during the transition period, you need to configure an authentication sequence and an authentication profile that includes both authentication methods.

By creating an authentication sequence that includes both RADIUS and SAML server profiles, the firewall will attempt authentication with RADIUS first and, if that fails, will fall back to SAML. This enables both authentication types to function simultaneously during the transition period.

You can also configure an authentication profile that includes both the RADIUS Server Profile and the SAML Identity Provider server profile. This setup allows the firewall to use both RADIUS and SAML for authentication requests, and it will check both authentication methods in parallel.

In this scenario, the customer requires that users do not directly access websites and that a security device (the firewall) manages the connection, while also ensuring that there is authentication back to the Active Directory (AD) servers for all sessions. The explicit proxy with Kerberos authentication is the best solution because:

The explicit proxy allows the firewall to intercept user web traffic and manage the connections on behalf of users.

Kerberos authentication ensures that the user’s identity is validated against the Active Directory servers before the session is allowed, fulfilling the authentication requirement.

The Proxy IDs (or Traffic Selectors) define the local and remote subnets that are allowed to communicate over the IPSec tunnel. If the Proxy IDs on the Palo Alto Networks firewall do not match the configuration on the Cisco ASA, the tunnel will fail to establish because the firewalls won't agree on which traffic to encrypt. Ensuring that the Proxy IDs match between the Palo Alto Networks firewall and the Cisco ASA will resolve the issue.

In an active/active HA configuration with two PA-Series firewalls, the HA3 interface is used primarily for the exchange of HA state information between the firewalls. This includes:

Hellos and heartbeats to monitor the status of the HA peer.

Synchronization of management plane data, which includes critical routing and User-ID information.

In the context of a Zone Protection profile, Protocol Protection is the section used to configure protections against activities such as spoofed IP addresses and split handshake session establishment attempts. These types of attacks typically involve manipulating protocol behaviors, such as IP address spoofing or session hijacking, and are mitigated by the Protocol Protection settings.

NetFlow is a Layer 3 (network layer) protocol that collects and monitors IP traffic flows. It is typically configured on Layer 3 interfaces because it relies on IP information for traffic flow analysis, which is not available on Layer 2 interfaces. Layer 2 interfaces handle frames within the local network, and they don't have IP-related details that NetFlow uses to generate traffic statistics.

When the preemptive hold time is set to 0 minutes in route monitoring, the firewall is configured to immediately reinstall the route into the Routing Information Base (RIB) as soon as the monitored path comes up. This essentially means that the firewall will not wait for any predefined hold time before reestablishing the route once the monitoring condition is met, ensuring a faster recovery of the route.

By default, the Autonomous Digital Experience Manager (ADEM) traffic is configured to use the management interface in a Palo Alto Networks firewall. The management interface is typically used for management-related traffic, such as monitoring and logging, and it is configured to handle ADEM-related traffic for the optimal performance of digital experience monitoring features.

This default configuration helps ensure that ADEM traffic does not interfere with regular traffic that may traverse other interfaces, such as traffic from security zones or IPSec tunnels.