Pass the WGU Courses and Certificates Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

Safety and proper procedure are paramount when replacing a light bulb to avoid any electrical hazards or injuries. First, always ensure the lamp is turned off to prevent electrical shock. Next, carefully unscrew the broken or burnt-out bulb from the socket; it might be hot, so caution is advised. After removing the old bulb, screw in the new working bulb securely but without overtightening to avoid damaging the bulb or socket. Finally, turn the lamp on to verify that the new bulb is functioning properly.

References The answer and explanation are based on general knowledge and common safety practices for handling electrical appliances; specific documents or standards on Scripting and Programming Foundations are not applicable here.

The image displays multiple-choice options for ordering tasks needed to safely replace a lamp’s light bulb, providing an interactive learning method for understanding safety procedures in handling electrical items.

The code snippet not (g != S) contains two types of operators:

Equality Operator (!=): The expression g != S checks whether the value of g is not equal to the value of S. The != operator is used for comparison and returns True if the values are different, otherwise False.

Logical Operator (not): The not operator is a logical negation operator. It inverts the truth value of a Boolean expression. In this case, not (g != S) evaluates to True if g is equal to S, and False otherwise.

Therefore, the combination of these two operators results in the overall expression not (g != S).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The term “based on a series of cells” is commonly associated with markup languages, particularly in the context of web development, where content is structured in a hierarchical or cell-based layout (e.g., HTML tables or CSS grid systems). According to foundational programming principles, markup languages like HTML are characterized by their use of tags to define elements, which can be visualized as cells or containers for content.

Option A: "Functional." This is incorrect. Functional languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp) focus on functions as first-class citizens and immutability, not on a cell-based structure.

Option B: "Static." This is incorrect. “Static” refers to typing (where types are fixed at compile time) or analysis, not a cell-based structure.

Option C: "Markup." This is correct. Markup languages like HTML use tags to create elements that can be arranged in a cell-like structure (e.g., <title> or

elements in a grid). In web design, tables and CSS layouts are often described as cell-based.

Option D: "Compiled." This is incorrect. Compiled languages (e.g., C, Java) are translated into machine code before execution, but they are not characterized by a cell-based structure.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Tables” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “CSS Grid Layout” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout).

In the context of the Agile approach, the phase where new procedural code is written and certain function calls are eliminated is known as the Implementation phase. This phase involves the actual coding and development of the software, where programmers write new code and refine existing code to meet the requirements of the project. It is during this phase that the software begins to take shape, and the functionality outlined during the design phase is executed.

The Agile methodology is iterative, and the implementation phase is where each iteration’s goal is to produce a working increment of the product. This phase is characterized by frequent testing and revision, as the development is aligned with user feedback and changing requirements.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The loop variable update statement modifies the loop control variable to progress the loop. In this do-while loop, h tracks the number of attempts, and its update is critical to the loop’s termination. According to foundational programming principles, the update statement is typically within the loop body.

Code Analysis:

integer h = 0: Initializes h (not an update).

Put "What is the password?" to output: Outputs prompt (not an update).

String userInput = Get next input: Gets input (not an update).

if userInput != pwd: Conditional check (not an update).

Put "Incorrect." to output: Outputs message (not an update).

h = h + 1: Updates h, incrementing the attempt counter.

while (userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10): Loop condition (not an update).

Option A: "if userInput = pwd." Incorrect. This is a conditional statement, not an update. (Note: The code uses = for comparison, which may be a typo; == is standard.)

Option B: "h = h + 1." Correct. This updates the loop variable h, incrementing it to track attempts.

Option C: "(userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10)." Incorrect. This is the loop condition, not an update.

Option D: "integer h = 0." Incorrect. This is the initialization, not an update.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Loops and Variables).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Do-While Loops).

W3Schools: “C Do While Loop” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_do_while_loop.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Body temperature in Fahrenheit typically includes decimal precision (e.g., 98.6°F). According to foundational programming principles, a floating-point type is suitable for values with decimal components.

Option A: "Integer." This is incorrect. Integers cannot store decimal values, and body temperature often requires precision (e.g., 98.6 ≠ 99).

Option B: "String." This is incorrect. While a string could store "98.6" as text, it’s not suitable for numerical calculations (e.g., averaging temperatures).

Option C: "Float." This is correct. A floating-point type (float) can store decimal values like 98.6, making it ideal for body temperature. For example, in C: float temp = 98.6;.

Option D: "Boolean." This is incorrect. Booleans store true/false values, not numerical temperatures.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Data Types).

Python Documentation: “Floating Point Types” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex).

W3Schools: “C Data Types” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_data_types.php).

 C is a programming language that primarily follows the procedural programming paradigm1. This paradigm is a subset of imperative programming and emphasizes on procedure in terms of the underlying machine model1. It involves writing a sequence of instructions to tell the computer what to do step by step, and it relies on the concept of procedure calls, where procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, or functions, are a set of instructions that perform a specific task1.

The procedural paradigm in C uses static typing, where the type of a variable is known at compile time1. This means that the type of a variable is declared and does not change over time, which is in contrast to dynamic typing, where the type can change at runtime. C’s type system requires that each variable and function is explicitly declared with a type and it does not support dynamic typing as seen in languages like Python or JavaScript1.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm calculates the positive difference between x and y (i.e., |x - y|). According to foundational programming principles, an algorithm’s steps must be executed in a logical order, and variables must be declared before they are used.

Steps Analysis:

Declare variable Diff: Creates the variable Diff to store the result. Must occur first, as other steps use Diff.

Set Diff = x - y: Computes the difference, assuming x >= y. Requires Diff to exist.

If y > x, set Diff = y - x: Adjusts Diff to ensure it’s positive if y > x. Requires Diff to exist.

Put Diff to output: Outputs the final result. Must occur last, after Diff is computed.

Logical Order:

Declare Diff (create variable).

Set Diff = x - y (initial difference).

If y > x, set Diff = y - x (ensure positive).

Output Diff.

Option A: "Put Diff to output." Incorrect. Outputting Diff requires it to be computed, which happens after declaration and calculation.

Option B: "Set Diff = x - y." Incorrect. Setting Diff requires Diff to be declared first.

Option C: "If y > x, set Diff = y - x." Incorrect. This step uses Diff, so declaration must precede it.

Option D: "Declare variable Diff." Correct. Declaring Diff is the first step, as all other steps depend on Diff existing.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms and Variables).

Python Documentation: “Variable Declaration” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements).

W3Schools: “C Variables” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_variables.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a standard for structuring content on the web. According to foundational programming principles, HTML is a markup language, not a programming language, and does not involve typing (dynamic or static) or OOP.

Option A: "Dynamically typed." This is incorrect. HTML is not a programming language and does not involve variables or typing. Dynamic typing applies to languages like Python or JavaScript.

Option B: "Markup." This is correct. HTML is a markup language used to define the structure of web content using tags (e.g.,

,

).

Option C: "Statically typed." This is incorrect. HTML does not involve typing, as it is not a programming language. Static typing applies to languages like C or Java.

Option D: "Object-oriented." This is incorrect. HTML lacks OOP features like classes, inheritance, or polymorphism, as it is designed for content structuring, not programming.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “HTML Basics” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics).

The output of calling Greeting() twice depends on the implementation of the Greeting() function. Since the question does not provide the actual code for Greeting(), I’ll provide a general explanation.

If the Greeting() function simply prints “Hello!” without any additional characters or spaces, then calling it twice would result in the output: “Hello!Hello!” (Option B).

If the Greeting() function prints “Hello!” followed by a newline character (or any other separator), then calling it twice would result in the output: “Hello!\nHello!” (where \n represents the newline character).

If the Greeting() function prints “Hello!” with a space after it, then calling it twice would result in the output: “Hello! Hello!”.

Without the actual implementation of Greeting(), we cannot definitively determine the exact output. However, the most common interpretation would be Option B: Hello!Hello!.

References

Scripting and Programming Foundations documents.