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W. E. B. Du Bois's exhibit of African American history and culture at the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle attracted the attention of a world of sociological scholarship whose values his work challenged. Du Bois believed that sociological sociologists failed in their attempts to gain greater understanding of human deeds because their work examined not deeds but theories and because they gathered data not to effect social progress but merely to theorize. In his exhibit. Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts that would shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to die observation of particular. living individual elements of society and the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure.

The passage implies that Du Bois believed which of the following statements about sociology?

The inventory of confirmed planets outside our solar system is growing rapidly, although it is_________by the fact that it is easier to detect big planets than small ones and planets close to their parent stars than those farther away.

Like paleontologists who interpret timescales from fossil evidence, we infer the history of star formation in the Milks' Way galaxy from the heavy-element composition of its stars. According to the big bang theory of the origin of the universe, the first gas clouds—and the first generation of stars formed from them—were composed of pure hydrogen and helium; most heavier elements— iron and calcium, for example—came later, created by explosions of supernovas, massive stars in their death thaws. Loaded with heavy elements, material ejected from supernovas enriched the interstellar gas clouds from which the next generation of stars formed, the level of heavy elements increasing with succeeding generations. Because most stars live for many billions of years and because the Milky Way is thus composed of multiple stellar generations, comparing the number of stars of low heavy-element abundance with those of high heavy-element abundance enables astronomers to untangle the history of star formation in the Milky Way.

Replacement of the word "enriched" with which of the following words results in the least change in meaning for the passage?

Experimental magazine essays are quite in vogue, but many of the characteristic that now seem innovative will doubtless look (1)________in thirty years" time; a vaunted self-consciousness will look affected, a fractured style, far from appearing (ii)________ will appear (lii)________instead.

Scholars generally estimate subscribers to Freedom s Journal (1827-1829), the United States" first African American newspaper, at around 800. based on subscriptions to the Rights of AIL an African American newspaper founded in 1829 as a successor to Freedom s Journal by a former editor of that newspaper. But Gross argues that many more than 800 readers probably subscribed to Freedom s Journal because many of its subscribers, dissatisfied with the direction ultimately taken by the paper, refused to subscribe to the Rights of All. In any case, the figure of 800 subscribers would make the circulation of Freedom s Journal close to that of other weekly papers of the time Its number of readers, however, would have been much larger: copies were often shared. and African American organizations subscribed to Freedom s Journal, providing nonsubscribers access to the paper

African American organizations' subscriptions to Freedom s Journal are mentioned in the passage primarily in order to.

To help the reader understand the actions of and the decisions made by people of another time, the historian's narrative must be_________what they knew; the narrative should not refer to anything not known until later.

The current_________of repackaged music under Miles Davis* name might prompt any reasonable person to conclude that the recording vault has been plundered bare.

Many environmentalists who revere nature would find the intellectual traditions of Rousseau. Kropotkin. and Jefterson much more compatible with their vision than that of Marx, who_________the domination of nature by humans.

Larvae of many marine invertebrate species delay their metamorphosis into juveniles when cues signaling an appropriate juvenile environment are absent, thereby increasing then* likelihood of thriving as juveniles and of ultimately reaching adulthood Nevertheless, delayed metamorphosis has potential costs for juveniles including reduced growth and increased mortality Nearly all evidence of such costs involves species whose larvae do not feed but rather subsist on stored nutrients, indicating that insufficient energy reserves may be an underlying cause of these costs. Supporting this hypothesis are laboratory studies showing that in a certain bryozoan. the prolonged larval swimming that results from delayed metamorphosis is associated with size reductions in the juvenile feeding organ (the lophophore) and that one factor influencing the size of juveniles of certain barnacle species is how long larvae delay metamorphosis However, other studies show that while significantly fewer juvenile Capitella worms survived to adulthood when metamorphosis had been delayed, prolonged larval swimming had no significant effect on juvenile size, suggesting, perhaps, that in some species, factors other than insufficient energy reserves account for the negative effects of the larval stresses that result from delayed metamorphosis.

The "hypothesis" implies that compared to marine invertebrate larvae that subsist on stored nutrients, marine invertebrate larvae that feed are less likely to

Mathematicians have sometimes acknowledged that_________is a requirement for creativity: for example. Poincare described explicitly a time when he experienced an insight after an incubation period, a period during which the unconscious mind was at work.