Pass the ASQ certification CQE Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

In Six Sigma projects, the phases are defined by DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control).

Control:

Ensures the improvements are sustained over time but does not primarily focus on implementing the solutions.

Define:

Focuses on defining the problem and project scope.

Improve:

This phase is where solutions are developed and implemented based on the analysis.

Verified causes identified in the analysis phase are used to create solutions during the improve phase.

Measure:

Involves quantifying the problem but not implementing solutions.

References: Six Sigma methodologies and project management resources.

To convince management of the need for a quality improvement program, it is most effective to present the size of the problem in terms of potential savings and increased profit. Management is often driven by financial metrics, so quantifying the impact of quality issues and the benefits of improvements in monetary terms will be persuasive. Reference: "Juran's Quality Handbook" by Joseph M. Juran, which emphasizes presenting business cases in financial terms to gain management support for quality initiatives.

When several units from a random sample are found to be defective, the immediate next action should be to segregate the defective units. This step is crucial to prevent defective units from being mixed with non-defective units, ensuring that they do not reach customers or proceed further in the production process. Segregating defective units helps in identifying the extent of the issue and facilitates further investigation and corrective actions.

The authority for customer audits at a supplier’s facility is typically outlined in contracts or purchasing agreements.

These documents specify the terms and conditions under which the supplier agrees to allow audits by the customer.

Quality management system documents and certificates of conformance do not usually grant audit authority.

References: The ASQ "Auditing Handbook" and ISO 9001 standards emphasize that contractual agreements define the rights and obligations regarding audits.

Work instructions are detailed documents that provide step-by-step guidance on how to perform specific tasks. They should include all necessary information to ensure the task is completed correctly and efficiently.

Work instructions should contain detailed procedures, including the equipment needed to perform the work. This ensures that employees have all the information required to complete their tasks properly.

When collecting and summarizing data, the methods used for data collection can significantly affect the reliability and validity of the data.

Descriptive Statistics:

Concerned with summarizing data but not the method of collection.

Data Accuracy:

Ensured through proper collection methods but is an outcome rather than an influencing element.

Measurement Scales:

Refers to the types of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) but not directly affected by redundancy, versatility, and flexibility.

Data Collection Methods:

The techniques and processes used to gather data.

Ensuring redundancy, versatility, and flexibility in data collection methods can help in obtaining comprehensive and accurate data.

References: Research methodology and quality management texts.

If a value assigned to a unit is non-numerical, it is described as qualitative. Qualitative data describes attributes or characteristics that do not have a numerical value. Examples include descriptions such as color, type, or category.

References:

Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley & Sons.

ASQ (American Society for Quality) - Types of Data: ASQ Glossary

Registration to ISO 9001 requires a third-party audit conducted by an accredited certification body.

Third-party audits are independent assessments to verify compliance with the ISO 9001 standard.

These audits ensure that the quality management system meets the requirements and is effectively implemented.

References: ISO 9001 guidelines and certification processes, as detailed in the "ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems – Requirements" document.

When an auditor finds a major discrepancy during a pre-award audit of a new supplier, the appropriate action is to include the discrepancy in the final report. This documentation is essential for transparency and for the organization to make informed decisions regarding the supplier. While other actions like verifying corrective actions and investigating the cause are important, they are typically follow-up steps after the discrepancy has been officially recorded.

Measurement scales are used to categorize and quantify variables.

Nominal Scale:

Used for labeling variables without any quantitative value. Categories are mutually exclusive and unordered.

Example: Inventory list of laptops categorized by brand or model.

Ordinal Scale:

Categorizes variables with a meaningful order but intervals are not equally spaced.

Example: Customer satisfaction ratings (poor, fair, good, excellent).

Interval Scale:

Ordered categories with equal intervals, but no true zero point.

Example: Temperature in Celsius.

Ratio Scale:

Ordered categories with equal intervals and a true zero point.

Example: Weight, height.

An inventory list of laptops in a sales office categorizes laptops into different groups without implying order or quantity, fitting the nominal scale.

References: Measurement theory and statistics textbooks.