Pass the CIPS Level 4 Diploma in Procurement and Supply L4M7 Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

Explanation

It would be really convenient if we could just hand our products directly to the customers, but that’s not possible. Packaging needs to be done for several reasons. Here are some of the most prominent ones:

1. Safety: Packaging is used to keep your product safe from external factors. It also prevents human tampering. If you want to sell fruit juice, you just can’t hand it over to customers. It should be packaged in something, like a stand up pouch.

2. Brand visibility: You provide the best product in your category and you want your customers to remember that. How else will you do that without using the right kind of creative food packaging?

3. Bundling it together: If you want to sell an ounce of something, you need to create a packet so that the right amount is bundled together.

4. Theft prevention: If you sell your product loose, there are chances that the retailer doesn’t give the right amount to the customer and saves some part for himself. There are other cases too where theft can be done in the absence of packaging.

Apart from these four, there are many other reasons why you should package your products.

Explanation

Total productive maintenance (TPM) is an innovative concept in the manufacturing industry that evolved from the idea of preventive maintenance to adopt practices of productive maintenance, maintenance prevention, and reliability Engineering. What we now refer to as TPM, has become an ingenious approach to achieve overall equipment effectiveness by involving the workforce behind the machines (i.e. the operators).

8 pillars of TPM

1) 5S - Sort, straighten, shine, standardize, and sustain

Just like a physical structure starts with a grounded framework, building a strong TPM process requires a strong foundation in the form of the principles of 5S. This is a workplace organization method that is simplified into 5 basic steps:

Sort tools, equipment, and materials to identify which of these can be discarded

Straighten and set things in proper order to reduce unnecessary motion and efficiently travel be-tween working groups and locations

Shine refers to performing necessary housekeeping to clean up the work area

Standardize and schedule activities to systematically form the habits to keep the workplace orga-nized

Sustain the process and principles for long-term applications

The 5S approach provides a systematic approach to cleaning the workplace, thereby uncovering underlying problems and challenges.

2) Autonomous maintenance

Maintenance tasks and caring for equipment should start with the people using the equipment. The empowerment of operators to work on small maintenance tasks effectively allows the maintenance teams to focus on more specialized assignments.

3) Continuous improvement

Also known as the Japanese term Kaizen, Continuous Improvement promotes the attitude of pro-gressing towards zero losses and zero defects. Through small but continual tweaks to processes, the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the organization is developed.

4) Planned maintenance

Planned maintenance activities are essential to the prevention of equipment breakdown. Planned maintenance is performed by periodically evaluating the condition of equipment to proactively prevent deterioration and mechanical failures.

5) Quality maintenance

To ensure the satisfaction of the customer, manufacturing processes aim for zero-defect production. Standards for superior quality, and checks on whether the standards are being met, should be in place. The goal of quality maintenance is to identify any possible causes of deviations from zero-defect production.

6) Training

The idea of TPM is that everyone does their part to contribute to the overall productivity of the production process. In order to achieve optimum performance, and to build each member’s competence, proper training is required to equip each one with the theoretical and practical know-how of working with machines and equipment.

7) Office TPM

A key role that is often overlooked is the administrative department that works behind the scenes. Like the rest of the production teams and processes, the management and administrative functions are also subject to productivity improvement. Tins includes identifying and eliminating losses, and contributing to the overall performance of the plant.

8) Safety, health, and environment

The last of the eight pillars focuses on creating a safe workplace. The essence of this pillar is real-ized when actively applied to each of the other pillars. The successful implementation of this pillar will contribute to a secure and hazard-free workplace.

Returning redundant stock to the supplier (or selling it) is an effective approach, as it can recover some value and free up warehouse space. This option aligns with whole-life asset management’s emphasis on reducing costs associated with unused assets and managing inventory efficiently.

Buffer stock serves as a safety net to prevent stockouts by ensuring that a minimum stock level is always maintained. This strategy is essential in whole-life asset management to manage demand fluctuations and minimize the risk of supply chain disruptions.

Indirect supplies support operations without becoming part of the final product. They impact operating costs (e.g., maintenance supplies), supporting the production environment but not the end product. Managing indirect supplies is crucial in whole-life asset management to control overhead costs and ensure uninterrupted operations.

Explanation

The safety stock (or buffer stock) is the stock level that limits stock shortages due to unforeseen events (forecasts not in line with demand, longer than expected supply time, etc…)

Demand variance is the degree to which the demand in a fixed period deviates from the average demand of the same period.

A reorder point is the unit quantity on hand that triggers the purchase of a predetermined amount of replenishment inventory.

The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules.

Explanation

Total productive maintenance (TPM) is an innovative concept in the manufacturing industry that evolved from the idea of preventive maintenance to adopt practices of productive maintenance, maintenance prevention, and reliability Engineering. What we now refer to as TPM, has become an ingenious approach to achieve overall equipment effectiveness by involving the workforce behind the machines (i.e. the operators).

8 pillars of TPM

1) 5S - Sort, straighten, shine, standardize, and sustain

Just like a physical structure starts with a grounded framework, building a strong TPM process requires a strong foundation in the form of the principles of 5S. This is a workplace organization method that is simplified into 5 basic steps:

Sort tools, equipment, and materials to identify which of these can be discarded

Straighten and set things in proper order to reduce unnecessary motion and efficiently travel be-tween working groups and locations

Shine refers to performing necessary housekeeping to clean up the work area

Standardize and schedule activities to systematically form the habits to keep the workplace orga-nized

Sustain the process and principles for long-term applications

The 5S approach provides a systematic approach to cleaning the workplace, thereby uncovering underlying problems and challenges.

2) Autonomous maintenance

Maintenance tasks and caring for equipment should start with the people using the equipment. The empowerment of operators to work on small maintenance tasks effectively allows the maintenance teams to focus on more specialized assignments.

3) Continuous improvement

Also known as the Japanese term Kaizen, Continuous Improvement promotes the attitude of pro-gressing towards zero losses and zero defects. Through small but continual tweaks to processes, the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the organization is developed.

4) Planned maintenance

Planned maintenance activities are essential to the prevention of equipment breakdown. Planned maintenance is performed by periodically evaluating the condition of equipment to proactively prevent deterioration and mechanical failures.

5) Quality maintenance

To ensure the satisfaction of the customer, manufacturing processes aim for zero-defect production. Standards for superior quality, and checks on whether the standards are being met, should be in place. The goal of quality maintenance is to identify any possible causes of deviations from zero-defect production.

6) Training

The idea of TPM is that everyone does their part to contribute to the overall productivity of the production process. In order to achieve optimum performance, and to build each member’s competence, proper training is required to equip each one with the theoretical and practical know-how of working with machines and equipment.

7) Office TPM

A key role that is often overlooked is the administrative department that works behind the scenes. Like the rest of the production teams and processes, the management and administrative functions are also subject to productivity improvement. Tins includes identifying and eliminating losses, and contributing to the overall performance of the plant.

8) Safety, health, and environment

The last of the eight pillars focuses on creating a safe workplace. The essence of this pillar is real-ized when actively applied to each of the other pillars. The successful implementation of this pillar will contribute to a secure and hazard-free workplace.

While storage space is important, traffic flow and accessibility are crucial for efficient warehouse design. Proper layout ensures safe, quick movement of goods and minimizes bottlenecks, reducing operational costs and enhancing efficiency. In whole-life asset management, effective space utilization and efficient layout planning are key for long-term warehouse performance.