Pass the CompTIA CASP CAS-005 Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

Understanding Residual Risk:

Residual riskis the amount of risk remainingafter controls and mitigations have been applied.

Risk appetitedefines the level of risk an organization iswilling to acceptbefore taking additional actions.

Why Option D is Correct:

TheCIO must clarify the organization’s "Risk Appetite"to determinehow much residual risk is acceptable.

If risk exceeds the appetite,additional security measuresneed to be implemented.

This aligns withISO 31000andNIST Risk Management Framework (RMF).

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A (Mitigation):Mitigationrefers toreducing risk, but it doesn’t define the acceptable level of residual risk.

B (Impact):Impact assessment measurespotential damage, but it does not determine what is acceptable.

C (Likelihood):Likelihood is theprobability of risk occurring, but not what level isacceptable.

A risk register is atool commonly used in risk management to document all identified risks, their assessment in terms of likelihood and impact, and the actions steps to manage them. By adding the newly identified risks to the risk register and assigning an owner and severity, the organization ensures that each risk is visible to stakeholders and has a designated individual responsible for its management. This aligns with the company's requirements for transparency and accountability in risk management.​

The attacker gained domain control by collecting the KRBTGT hash (used for Kerberos tickets). Let’s evaluate:

A. Deleting SQLSV:Irrelevant since pass-the-hash failed there.

B. Reimaging ADMIN01S:Addresses the compromised host but not domain control.

C. Rotating KRBTGT password:Invalidates stolen Kerberos tickets, mitigating domain control per CAS-005’s focus on identity security.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the regulation most likely being addressed by the news organization. GDPR includes provisions for the "right to be forgotten," which allows individuals to request the deletion of personal data that is no longer necessary for the purposes for which it was collected. This regulation aims to protect the privacy and personal data of individuals within the European Union.

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The log snippet indicates a DNS AXFR (zone transfer) request, which can be exploited by attackers to gather detailed information about an internal network's infrastructure. Disabling DNS zone transfers is the best solution to mitigate this risk. Zone transfers should generally be restricted to authorized secondary DNS servers and not be publicly accessible, as they can reveal sensitive network information that facilitates lateral movement during an attack.

The output shows that multiple systems have outdated or vulnerable software versions (OpenSSL 1.01 and Java 11 runtime). This suggests that the systems are not being patched regularly or effectively.

A. Automating the patching system to update base images: Automating the patching process ensures that the latest security updates and patches are applied to all systems, including newly deployed ones. This addresses the root cause by ensuring that base images used for deployment are always up-to-date with the latest security patches.

B. Recompiling the affected programs with the most current patches: While this can fix the immediate vulnerabilities, it does not address the root cause of the problem, which is the lack of regular updates.

C. Disabling unused/unneeded ports on all servers: This improves security but does not address the specific issue of outdated software.

D. Deploying a WAF with virtual patching upstream of the affected systems: This can provide a temporary shield but does not resolve the underlying issue of outdated software.

Automating the patching system to update base images ensures that all deployed systems are using the latest, most secure versions of software, addressing the root cause of the vulnerability trend.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Best practice in CAS-005 network security design is to deploy:

NIDS passively via a port mirror (SPAN port) to avoid introducing latency or failure points.

NIPS inline in a strategic point, such as integrated with the main firewall, to actively block threats.This combination provides both visibility and active protection without overloading network paths.

To ensure the most secure way of keeping a legacy system (COL) operating until a new solution is available, isolating the system and enforcing strict firewall rules is the best approach. This method minimizes the attack surface by restricting access to only the necessary endpoints, thereby reducing the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches. Isolating the system ensures that it is not exposed to the broader network, while firewall rules control the traffic that can reach the system, providing a secure environment until a replacement is implemented.

The data provided shows that all companies have SIEM systems, but they differ in their implementation of UEBA, DLP, ISAC membership, and TIP integration. The key metric to evaluate is the effectiveness in detecting and responding to attacks, as shown by the "Time to Detect" and "Time to Respond" columns. Company 1, which is an ISAC member, has the fastest detection (10 minutes) and response (20 minutes) times. Company 3, which is not an ISAC member, has slower detection (12 minutes) and response (24 minutes) times, despite having UEBA and TIP integration. Company 2, which lacks TIP integration but is an ISAC member, has the slowest times (20 minutes to detect, 40 minutes to respond). This suggests that ISAC membership correlates with faster detection and response, likely due to access to shared threat intelligence.

According to the CompTIA SecurityX CAS-005 objectives (Domain 2: Security Operations, 2.2), Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) are critical for enabling organizations to share real-timethreat intelligence within their industry. ISACs provide access to actionable intelligence, best practices, and coordinated response strategies, which are essential for defending against sophisticated attacks targeting critical infrastructure like the energy sector. The lack of ISAC membership (Company 3) limits access to this intelligence, hindering proactive defense and response capabilities. While UEBA, DLP, and TIP integration are valuable, they are more focused on internal monitoring, data protection,and individual threat intelligence feeds, respectively, and do not provide the same industry-wide collaboration as an ISAC.