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The PAReplicate utility exports the Safe files from the CyberArk Vault to a computer on the local network where the Backup utility has been installed. The Safes are copied in a similar format and structure to the one in the Server. Therefore, the disk space required on the server for a PAReplicate is the same as the disk size on the Primary Vault1. References: Use the CyberArk Backup Process

 According to the CyberArk Defender PAM documentation1, the Master user is the only user that can access all passwords in the Vault. The Master user is a special user that is created during the initial installation of the Vault and has full permissions on all Safes and accounts in the Vault. The Master user can also perform administrative tasks, such as backup and restore the Vault, change the Vault license, and manage the recovery key. The Master user is the only user that can log on to the Vault in case of a disaster using the recovery key. The Master user’s password is not stored in the Vault and cannot be changed or retrieved by any other user.

The Administrator user is a predefined user that is created during the initial installation of the Vault and has the Vault Admin authorization. The Administrator user can perform administrative tasks, such as create and manage users and groups, define platforms and policies, and monitor Vault activity. However, the Administrator user cannot access any passwords in the Vault unless they are explicitly added as a member of a Safe that contains the passwords2.

The Vault administrators group is a predefined group that is created during the initial installation of the Vault and has the Vault Admin authorization. The members of the Vault administrators group can perform the same administrative tasks as the Administrator user, but they cannot access any passwords in the Vault unless they are explicitly added as a member of a Safe that contains the passwords2.

The auditors group is a predefined group that is created during the initial installation of the Vault and has the Audit Users authorization. The members of the auditors group can view and generate reports on the Vault activity, but they cannot access any passwords in the Vault unless they are explicitly added as a member of a Safe that contains the passwords2.

References:

Master User - CyberArk

Predefined users and groups - CyberArk

A connection component is a set of parameters that defines how PSM connects to a target system using a specific protocol or application. Different connection components are suitable for different types of systems or functions. The correct matches are as follows:

PSM-SSH: This connection component enables transparent connections to UNIX machines using the SSH protocol. It supports various UNIX flavors, such as Linux, Solaris, AIX, and HP-UX.

PSM-RDP: This connection component enables transparent connections to Windows machines using the RDP protocol. It supports various Windows versions, such as Windows Server, Windows 10, and Windows 7.

PSM-WinSCP: This connection component enables transparent connections to UNIX machines using the WinSCP application. It supports file transfer operations, such as upload, download, delete, and rename, between the local and remote machines.

PSM-SQLPlus: This connection component enables transparent connections to Oracle databases using the SQL*Plus application. It supports various Oracle versions, such as Oracle 12c, Oracle 11g, and Oracle 10g.

PSM-OS390: This connection component enables transparent connections to IBM mainframes using the OS/390 protocol. It supports various mainframe applications, such as TSO, CICS, and IMS.

References: Connection Components, Connection Component Parameters

 Time of day or day of week restrictions on when password verifications can occur are configured in the Safe settings. This is a security feature that prevents Safes from being opened except at certain times (e.g., 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.). If a user tries to enter at a time that has not been designated for access, they will receive a message that informs them that the Safe is unavailable. References: Advanced Safe Management

 When a user is a member of more than one group that has authorizations on a safe, by default that user is granted the cumulative permissions of all groups to which that user belongs. This means that the user will have the highest level of access that any of the groups have on the safe. For example, if one group has View and Retrieve permissions, and another group has Add and Delete permissions, the user will have View, Retrieve, Add, and Delete permissions on the safe. This is the default behavior of the vault, unless the Exclusive option is enabled on the safe. The Exclusive option restricts the user’s permissions to only those of the group added to the safe first. References:

[Defender PAM eLearning Course], Module 3: Safes and Permissions, Lesson 3.2: Safe Permissions, Slide 8: Cumulative Permissions

[Defender PAM Sample Items Study Guide], Question 1: Safe Permissions

[CyberArk Documentation Portal], CyberArk Privileged Access Security Implementation Guide, Chapter 3: Managing Safes, Section: Safe Properties, Subsection: Exclusive

Shut down the PrivateArk Server Service on the DR Vault.

In the PADR.ini file, set Failover Mode = No and remove the last two lines.

Start the PrivateArk Disaster Recovery Service.

Comprehensive Explanation: When the primary Vault service has been restored and you need to return the DR Vault to its normal standby mode, the steps are as follows:

Shut down the PrivateArk Server Service on the DR Vault to stop the Vault from being active.

Modify the PADR.ini file by setting Failover Mode to No and removing the last two lines that were added during the failover process. This reconfigures the DR Vault to standby mode.

Start the PrivateArk Disaster Recovery Service to complete the transition back to standby mode1.

References:

CyberArk Docs - Initiate a DR Failback to the Production Vault1

According to the CyberArk documentation1, once Object Level Access Control is enabled for a Safe, it cannot be disabled. This feature allows granular control over user access to passwords and files in the Safe, regardless of their Safe level member authorizations2. To enable Object Level Access Control, users need to have the Manage Safe authorization in the Vault1.

 The name of the Platform parameter that controls how long a password will stay valid when One Time Passwords are enabled via the Master Policy is Min Validity Period. This parameter defines the number of minutes to wait from the last retrieval of the account until it is replaced. This gives the user a minimum period to be able to use the password before it is changed by the CPM. The Min Validity Period parameter can be configured in the Platform Management settings for each platform that supports One Time Passwords. The default value is 60 minutes, but it can be modified according to the organization’s security policy1. The Min Validity Period parameter is also used to release exclusive accounts automatically1. References:

1: Privileged Account Management, Min Validity Period subsection

 Setting the reconcile account at the platform level allows for flexibility in how the reconcile account is specified. A rule can be used to dynamically determine the appropriate reconcile account, or a specific reconcile account can be selected and configured directly in the platform settings. This approach provides the ability to manage reconciliation accounts more efficiently and adapt to different scenarios1.

References:

CyberArk Community - Associate reconcile account with a specific platform

A Rest API integration with account provisioning software is considered a proactive account onboarding method, because it enables the automatic creation and management of accounts in the Vault as soon as they are provisioned in the target systems. This way, the accounts are secured from the start and do not need to be discovered or onboarded manually later. A Rest API integration with account provisioning software can be achieved by using the CyberArk Accounts Feed REST API, which allows external applications to send account information to the Vault1.

The other options are not proactive account onboarding methods, because they rely on the discovery of existing accounts that may have been exposed or compromised before being onboarded to the Vault. Accounts Discovery is a feature that enables the Vault to scan target systems and identify privileged accounts that are not managed by the Vault2. Detecting accounts with PTA is a feature that enables the Privileged Threat Analytics (PTA) component to detect and alert on suspicious account activities and credential thefts3. A DNA scan is a feature that enables the Discovery and Audit (DNA) tool to scan Windows and Unix machines and generate a report on the privileged accounts and vulnerabilities found4.

References:

CyberArk Accounts Feed REST API - CyberArk, section “CyberArk Accounts Feed REST API”

Accounts Discovery - CyberArk, section “Accounts Discovery”

Detect and Respond to Privileged Account Threats - CyberArk, section “Detect and Respond to Privileged Account Threats”

CyberArk DNA - CyberArk, section “CyberArk DNA”