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 One Time Passwords (OTPs) are passwords that are valid for only one use or a limited time period. The primary purpose of OTPs is to reduce the risk of credential theft, which is a common attack vector for hackers and malicious insiders. By using OTPs, the exposure of the credentials is minimized, and the attacker cannot reuse the stolen password to access the target system. OTPs also enhance the security of the authentication process, as they add an extra layer of verification to the user’s identity. OTPs can be generated by various methods, such as SMS, email, hardware tokens, software tokens, etc1.

The other options are not the primary purpose of OTPs, because:

B. More frequent password changes. This is not the primary purpose of OTPs, but a consequence of using them. OTPs require more frequent password changes, as they expire after one use or a limited time period. However, this is not the main goal of using OTPs, but rather a means to achieve the goal of reducing the risk of credential theft.

C. Non-repudiation (individual accountability). This is not the primary purpose of OTPs, but a benefit of using them. Non-repudiation means that the user cannot deny performing an action or accessing a resource, as there is sufficient evidence to prove their identity and activity. OTPs can help achieve non-repudiation, as they are unique and personal to each user, and can be traced back to the user’s device or account. However, this is not the main goal of using OTPs, but rather an advantage of using them.

D. To force a ‘collusion to commit’ fraud ensuring no single actor may use a password without authorization. This is not the primary purpose of OTPs, but a feature of using them. OTPs can help prevent unauthorized access to privileged accounts, as they require the user to have both the OTP and the regular password to access the target system. This means that no single actor can use the password without authorization, as they would need the cooperation of another actor who has the OTP. However, this is not the main goal of using OTPs, but rather a capability of using them.

References:

1: One-time password

https://docs.cyberark.com/Product-Doc/OnlineHelp/PAS/Latest/en/Content/PTA/Security-Configuration.htm?TocPath=End%20User%7CSecurity%20Events%7C_____3

These are the session response options that can be configured in a rule using Privileged Session Analysis and Response in PTA. These options determine how PTA reacts to suspicious activities detected in a privileged session. Suspend means that the session is paused and the user is notified. Terminate means that the session is ended and the user is disconnected. None means that no action is taken on the session, but the event is still recorded and reported. You can find more information about these options and how to configure them in the reference below.

The Interval setting in a CPM policy is used to control how often the CPM looks for System Initiated CPM work, such as password changes, verifications, and reconciliations. The Interval setting defines the frequency, in minutes, that the CPM will check the accounts that are associated with the policy and perform the required actions. For example, if the Interval is set to 60, the CPM will check the accounts every hour and change, verify, or reconcile the passwords according to the policy settings. The Interval setting does not affect User Initiated CPM work, such as manual password changes or retrievals, which are performed immediately upon request. The Interval setting also does not control how long the CPM rests between password changes or the maximum amount of time the CPM will wait for a password change to complete. These parameters are configured in the CPM.ini file, which is stored in the root folder of the Safe. References:

[Defender PAM eLearning Course], Module 5: Password Management, Lesson 5.1: CPM Policies, Slide 9: CPM Policy Settings

[Defender PAM Sample Items Study Guide], Question 4: CPM Policy Settings

[CyberArk Documentation Portal], CyberArk Privileged Access Security Implementation Guide, Chapter 5: Managing Passwords, Section: CPM Policy Settings, Subsection: Interval

 When on-boarding accounts using Accounts Feed, you can either select an existing safe or create a new one to store the accounts. You can also specify the platform, policy, and owner for each account. However, you cannot create a new platform using Accounts Feed, and not all platforms support automatic reconciliation. References:

Accounts Feed - CyberArk

CyberArk University

[Defender-PAM Sample Items Study Guide]

Security Admins are the built-in group that can view and configure Automatic Remediation and Session Analysis and Response in the PVWA. These features are part of the Privileged Threat Analytics (PTA) module, which is designed to detect and respond to anomalous activities and risky behaviors in the privileged environment. Security Admins have the permissions to access the PTA settings and configure the policies and actions for Automatic Remediation and Session Analysis and Response. References:

Defender PAM Sample Items Study Guide, page 18, question 49

Privileged Threat Analytics Implementation Guide, page 9, section “Security Admins”

When building a connector to connect to a website through the Web applications for PSM framework, you would duplicate and modify the default connector PSM-WebAppSample. This sample connector serves as a template that can be customized to fit the specific requirements of the web application you are targeting. It provides a starting point with predefined settings that can be adjusted to create a new, functional connector for the desired web application12.

References:

CyberArk Docs - Web applications for PSM2

CyberArk Docs - Configure PSM to connect to Web applications1

 The Active Directory User configured for Windows Discovery requires Read Only Permissions. This level of permission allows the user to query and discover objects within the Active Directory without the ability to modify any objects or settings. Having read-only access is sufficient for discovery purposes, as it enables the user to retrieve necessary information without posing a risk of unintended changes to the directory1.

References:

Microsoft Learn: Configure discovery methods1

The purpose of the PrivateArk Database service is to maintain the Vault metadata, which includes the information about the Safes, accounts, policies, users, groups, and audit records that are stored in the Vault. The PrivateArk Database service is a Windows service that manages the database files that contain the Vault data. The PrivateArk Database service is responsible for creating, updating, deleting, and backing up the database files, as well as performing encryption and compression operations on the data1. The PrivateArk Database service is installed automatically as part of the Vault server installation and can be configured using the DBParm.ini file2.

The other options are not the purpose of the PrivateArk Database service, although they may be related to other services or components of the Vault. The PrivateArk Server service is the service that communicates with the components, such as the PVWA, the CPM, the PSM, and the PTA, and handles the requests from the clients and components3. The Event Notification Engine service is the service that sends email alerts from the Vault, based on predefined events and recipients4. The Central Policy Manager component is the component that executes password changes, verifications, and reconciliations for the accounts that are managed by the Vault. References:

Server Components - CyberArk, section “The PrivateArk Server process (Dbmain)”

DBParm.ini - CyberArk, section “Main parameters”

Server Components - CyberArk, section “The PrivateArk Server process (Dbmain)”

Event Notification Engine - CyberArk, section “Event Notification Engine”

[Change Passwords - CyberArk], section “Change Passwords”

To store the Safes Data in a different drive, such as moving from Drive C to Drive D, you need to edit the TSparm.ini file. This file contains various parameters that configure the behavior of the Vault, including the location of the Safes Data. By editing the SafesDirectory parameter in the TSparm.ini file, you can specify a new path for the Safes Data, effectively changing the storage location to the desired drive1.

References:

CyberArk’s official documentation on managing files and documents, which includes information on how to store files in different locations within the Vault2.

Knowledge articles on how to move the PSMRecordings safe or other Vault data to a different drive, which provide step-by-step instructions and mention the TSparm.ini file1

According to the web search results, all of the Privileged Session Management (PSM) solutions support live monitoring of active sessions. PSM, PSM for Windows, and PSM for SSH enable authorized users to monitor active sessions from their workstation and take part in controlling these sessions. Users can also suspend or terminate active sessions based on their group assignment. By default, active session monitoring is enabled at system level for all authorized users, and can be disabled at platform level. Active session monitoring can also be disabled at system level, but when it is disabled, it cannot be enabled at platform level. PSM can automatically suspend or terminate sessions when notified by PTA or a third party threat analytics tool1. Authorized users monitor or terminate an active session using the same connection method (RDP file or HTML5 Gateway) as the end user