Pass the ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker 312-50 Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

A boot sector virus is a computer virus that infects a storage device's master boot record (MBR). The virus moves the boot sector to another location on the hard drive.

References: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26655/boot-sector-virus

Computer viruses infect a variety of different subsystems on their hosts. A computer virus is a malware that, when executed, replicates by reproducing itself or infecting other programs by modifying them. Infecting computer programs can include as well, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected".

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus

Today, management demands metrics to get a clearer view of security.

Metrics that measure participation, effectiveness, and window of exposure, however, offer information the organization can use to make plans and improve programs.

References: http://www.infoworld.com/article/297464 2/security/4-security-metrics-that-matter.html

Network layer firewalls, also called packet filters, operate at a relatively low level of the TCP/IP protocol stack, not allowing packets to pass through the firewall unless they match the established rule set. To prevent Web Application attacks an Application layer firewall would be required.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(comp uting)#Network_layer_or_packet_filters

Blackberry users warned of hacking tool threat.

Users have been warned that the security of Blackberry wireless e-mail devices is at risk due to the availability this week of a new hacking tool. Secure Computing Corporation said businesses that have installed Blackberry servers behind their gateway security devices could be vulnerable to a hacking attack from a tool call BBProxy.

References: http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240062112/Technology-news-in-brief

Phase shift keying is the form of Bluetooth modulation used to enable the higher data rates achievable with Bluetooth 2 EDR (Enhanced Data Rate). Two forms of PSK are used: π/4 DQPSK, and 8DPSK.

References: http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/bluetooth/radio-interface-modulation.php

Dual-homed or dual-homing can refer to either an Ethernet device that has more than one network interface, for redundancy purposes, or in firewall technology, dual-homed is one of the firewall architectures, such as an IDS/IPS system, for implementing preventive security.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-homed

A full restore is required.

A macro virus is a virus that is written in a macro language: a programming language which is embedded inside a software application (e.g., word processors and spreadsheet applications). Some applications, such as Microsoft Office, allow macro programs to be embedded in documents such that the macros are run automatically when the document is opened, and this provides a distinct mechanism by which malicious computer instructions can spread.

References: https://en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus

Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, is a family of security bugs in the widely used Unix Bash shell.

One specific exploitation vector of the Shellshock bug is CGI-based web servers.

Note: When a web server uses the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) to handle a document request, it passes various details of the request to a handler program in the environment variable list. For example, the variable HTTP_USER_AGENT has a value that, in normal usage, identifies the program sending the request. If the request handler is a Bash script, or if it executes one for example using the system call, Bash will receive the environment variables passed by the server and will process them. This provides a means for an attacker to trigger the Shellshock vulnerability with a specially crafted server request.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)#Specific_exploitation_vectors