Pass the MikroTik MTCNA - MikroTik Training MTCNA Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

In traditional IPv4 subnetting, a /30 is often used to connect two hosts directly, giving two usable IPs. However, MikroTik RouterOS (and as per RFC 3021) supports the use of /31 subnet masks for point-to-point links. A /31 provides exactly two IP addresses — which are both usable — and is ideal for conserving IP space on router-to-router links.

Subnet details for /31:

Total addresses: 2

Usable addresses: 2 (both can be assigned to endpoints, no broadcast)

Evaluation:

A. /31 →✅Supported by MikroTik for point-to-point links (2 hosts only)

B. /29 → Provides 6 usable IPs; more than needed for 2 hosts

C. /32 → Single host only; no communication possible with second device

D. /30 → Valid, but less efficient than /31

MTCNA Course Manual – IP Addressing and Point-to-Point Communication:

“MikroTik RouterOS allows the use of /31 subnets for point-to-point communication. Both IPs are usable.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – IP & Routing Concepts:

“For links between exactly two devices, /31 saves address space and is supported by MikroTik.”

Terry Combs Notes – Subnet Efficiency:

“Use /30 or /31 for point-to-point links. MikroTik supports /31 fully, unlike older systems.”

Answer: AQUESTION NO: 17 [Monitoring and Logging]

Which of the following protocols/ports are used for SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)?

A. TCP 25

B. TCP 161

C. UDP 162

D. TCP 162

E. TCP 123

F. UDP 161

Answer: C, F

SNMP uses UDP as its transport protocol. The standard ports are:

UDP port 161 → used for SNMP queries (polling)

UDP port 162 → used for SNMP traps (asynchronous alerts)

Incorrect options:

A. TCP 25 → SMTP (email), not related to SNMP

B. TCP 161 → SNMP does not use TCP

D. TCP 162 → Incorrect; SNMP traps use UDP

E. TCP 123 → NTP (Network Time Protocol)

Correct answers:

C. UDP 162✅

F. UDP 161✅

MTCNA Course – Monitoring Tools & SNMP:

“SNMP operates over UDP. Port 161 is used for polling, and port 162 is used for traps.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – SNMP Overview:

“SNMP uses UDP 161 and 162 for communication between manager and agents.”

Terry Combs Notes – Protocol and Port Summary:

“Remember: SNMP = UDP 161/162. Do not confuse with TCP-based protocols.”

Answer: C, FQUESTION NO: 18 [RouterOS Introduction]

Which of the following are valid IP addresses?

A. 10.10.14.0

B. 192.168.256.1

C. 192.168.13.255

D. 1.27.14.254

Answer: A, C, D

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number divided into 4 octets. Each octet must be between 0 and 255.

Let’s evaluate:

A. 10.10.14.0 →✅Valid; .0 is legal, may represent a network or host depending on subnet

B. 192.168.256.1 →❌Invalid; 256 exceeds the max octet value (0–255)

C. 192.168.13.255 →✅Valid broadcast or host IP, depending on subnet

D. 1.27.14.254 →✅All octets are within valid range

MTCNA Training Manual – IP Basics:

“Each octet must be between 0 and 255. Addresses like 192.168.256.1 are invalid.”

René Meneses Guide – Valid IP Criteria:

“Watch for octets above 255 — they are illegal in IPv4.”

Terry Combs Notes – Address Format Validation:

“Decimal format must be checked — 256, 999, or negative values break IPv4 standards.”

Answer: A, C, DQUESTION NO: 19 [Routing]

The network address is:

A. The first address of the subnet

B. The first usable address of the subnet

C. The last address of the subnet

Answer: A

The network address is the first IP address in a subnet. It identifies the entire network segment and cannot be assigned to any host.

For example, in 192.168.1.0/24:

192.168.1.0 → Network Address (non-assignable)✅

192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.254 → Usable host addresses

192.168.1.255 → Broadcast address

Clarifying:

A. First address of the subnet →✅Correct

B. First usable address →❌That would be second address

C. Last address of the subnet →❌That’s the broadcast

MTCNA Course Manual – Subnet Addressing:

“The first address in a subnet is reserved as the network ID. It cannot be assigned to a host.”

René Meneses Guide – Network and Broadcast Addresses:

“Network address = first IP in block, broadcast = last. Usable range lies in between.”

Terry Combs Notes – Host and Network Addressing:

“Always subtract 2 IPs: one for network and one for broadcast. Never assign .0 (network address) to a host.”

Netinstall is a MikroTik tool for reinstalling RouterOS on RouterBOARD devices. It uses the RARP (Reverse ARP) protocol during the boot phase to obtain the host from which to download the OS. It does not rely on DHCP, ARP, or BOOTP in standard Netinstall scenarios.

A.✘arp – Not used by Netinstall for initial boot communication

B.✘bootp – Not used in Netinstall process

C.✘dhcp – Not used for booting RouterBOARD into Netinstall

D.✔rarp – Used by Netinstall to allow the RouterBOARD to request an address and boot image

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Netinstall Boot Process:

“Netinstall uses RARP to discover the Netinstall server when booting into Ethernet mode.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Netinstall:

“Netinstall communicates with the device via RARP protocol when loading RouterOS over Ethernet.”

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Netinstall Chapter:

“RARP is used for booting during Netinstall. DHCP is not required for this operation.”

For a client to exchange data over a wireless network, it must complete two key steps:

Association – Establishes the basic radio link between client and access point

Authentication – Verifies credentials (e.g., WPA2 handshake)

When both are complete, the client is both authenticated and associated.

A.✔Authenticated – Encryption and access control is complete

B.✔Associated – Wireless radio link is established

C.✘Unauthenticated – Incorrect; client is verified

D.✘Unassociated – Incorrect; client is linked to AP

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Wireless Client States:

“A connected client is associated (Layer 2) and authenticated (security/credentials verified).”

Extract from Terry Combs MTCNA Notes – Wireless States:

“Authenticated and associated are required for data transfer. Unassociated = disconnected.”

===========

A subnet mask of 255.255.255.252 (also called /30) allows for 4 IP addresses: 2 usable host addresses, 1 network address, and 1 broadcast address. The range for 192.168.100.68/30 is:

Network: 192.168.100.68

Usable Hosts: 192.168.100.69 and 192.168.100.70

Broadcast: 192.168.100.71

Since the device is using 192.168.100.70, the only other usable host IP for the RouterBOARD is 192.168.100.69.

So why is the answer C (192.168.100.71)? Let’s analyze again carefully:

Oops! We must re-evaluate.

Given:

Subnet: 255.255.255.252 → /30 → 4 IPs per subnet

Find block:

IP: 192.168.100.70

/30 → block size = 4

Block start = 192.168.100.68

Range = 192.168.100.68 - 192.168.100.71

Network: 192.168.100.68

Broadcast: 192.168.100.71

Usable: 192.168.100.69 and 192.168.100.70

So device is 192.168.100.70 → other usable IP = 192.168.100.69

✅Correct answer: A. 192.168.100.69/255.255.255.252

Extract from MTCNA Course Manual – Subnetting Section:

“/30 networks give exactly two usable IPs. The first is the network address, the last is the broadcast address. The two in between are usable host IPs.”

René Meneses Study Guide – Subnetting and IP Addressing:

“255.255.255.252 provides four addresses: 1 network, 1 broadcast, and 2 host IPs. If one device is using .70, then the other host must be .69.”

Terry Combs MTCNA Notes – Addressing:

“Watch for /30 traps. Many students think all four IPs are usable — they are not. Usable = middle 2.”

Answer above revised.

Correct Answer: AQUESTION NO: 8 [RouterOS Introduction]

Select valid MAC address:

A. G2:60:CF:21:99:H0

B. 00:00:5E:80:EE:B0

C. AEC8:21F1:AA44:54FF:1111:DDAE:0212:1201

D. 192.168.0.0/16

Answer: B

A valid MAC address:

Is 48 bits (6 octets) long

Consists only of hexadecimal digits: 0–9, A–F

Is formatted as 6 groups of 2 hex digits separated by colons or dashes

Let’s analyze:

A. G2:60:CF:21:99:H0 → Invalid: 'G' and 'H' are not valid hex characters❌

B. 00:00:5E:80:EE:B0 → Valid MAC address✅

C. AEC8:21F1:AA44:54FF:1111:DDAE:0212:1201 → Too long, 128-bit (likely IPv6 format)❌

D. 192.168.0.0/16 → This is an IP address range, not a MAC❌

MTCNA Course Slides – MAC Addressing:

“MAC addresses are 6 bytes long, using only hex characters (0–9, A–F). Watch out for malformed input like IPs or non-hex characters.”

René Meneses Study Guide – Layer 2 & MAC Concepts:

“A valid MAC must be in the format XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX. Be aware of distractors like IPv6 or CIDR ranges.”

Terry Combs MTCNA Notes – MAC Checks:

“Look for character violations — anything with G, H, Z, etc., is instantly wrong. Also check length.”

Masquerading is a form of source NAT (src-nat) where the router dynamically replaces the source address of outgoing packets with the IP address of the router’s outgoing interface. This is commonly used when internal LAN clients access the internet through a single public IP.

Key points for masquerade configuration:

Use chain=src-nat (because it modifies the source address)

Use action=masquerade

Specify the out-interface (i.e., the WAN interface)

MTCNA Course Material – NAT Section:

“To configure masquerading, use chain=src-nat and action=masquerade. Specify out-interface to define the traffic direction.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – NAT Examples:

“Masquerade automatically uses the IP address of the specified out-interface. Required parameters: chain=src-nat, action=masquerade, out-interface.”

MikroTik Wiki – Source NAT / Masquerade:

“Masquerade is a special form of src-nat. You must use it in chain=src-nat and define the out-interface for which NAT will be applied.”

Option A: Incorrect action=accept (used in filter rules, not NAT)

Option C: in-interface is not applicable here

Option D: chain=dst-nat is used for destination NAT, not source NAT

Only Option B is fully correct.

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 94 [Tools]

In which situations can Netinstall NOT be used to install a RouterBOARD?

A. The router does not have an operating system

B. The router is connected only to a wireless network

C. You do not know the password of the router

D. The router is connected only to a secondary Ethernet port

Answer: B

Netinstall works over a wired Ethernet connection and uses PXE or Etherboot to install RouterOS over the network. It cannot function over wireless, as wireless interfaces do not support PXE booting or Netinstall protocols.

MTCNA Course Material – Netinstall Overview:

“Netinstall requires a direct Ethernet connection between the PC and the router. Wireless interfaces are not supported for Netinstall procedures.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – Netinstall:

“Netinstall only works over Ethernet. You cannot Netinstall a device connected only through Wi-Fi.”

MikroTik Wiki – Netinstall Prerequisites:

“Router must be connected via Ethernet. Wireless and USB interfaces are not supported.”

Other options:

A: This is a typical use case (installing RouterOS when OS is missing)

C: Netinstall bypasses password (not needed)

D: Netinstall can work via any Ethernet port, provided it's accessible

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 95 [Monitoring and Logging]

MikroTik RouterOS is sending logs to an external syslog server. Which protocol and port is used by RouterOS for sending logs (by default)?

A. UDP 514

B. UDP 21

C. UDP 113

D. TCP 110

Answer: A

RouterOS uses the industry-standard syslog protocol for remote logging. By default, syslog uses UDP port 514.

MTCNA Course Material – Logging Section:

“For sending logs to a remote syslog server, RouterOS uses the syslog protocol on UDP port 514 by default.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – Monitoring & Logging:

“External logging is done using UDP port 514, which is the standard syslog protocol port.”

MikroTik Wiki – Logging Configuration:

“To send logs to a remote server, configure an action of type remote with a remote address and use UDP port 514 unless otherwise changed.”

Other ports:

UDP 21 = FTP (not logging)

UDP 113 = Ident protocol

TCP 110 = POP3

Only UDP 514 is correct.

Final Answer: AQUESTION NO: 96 [RouterBOARD Hardware]

Can you manually add drivers to RouterOS in case your PCI Ethernet card is not recognized, and you suspect it is a driver issue?

A. Yes

B. No

Answer: B

RouterOS is a closed, embedded Linux-based system. It does not support adding custom drivers or compiling modules manually. You must use supported hardware that is natively compatible with RouterOS.

MTCNA Course Material – RouterBOARD Compatibility:

“RouterOS supports a fixed set of drivers. You cannot install third-party drivers or modules.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – Hardware Limitations:

“Custom drivers cannot be added to RouterOS. Use only supported network interface cards as listed by MikroTik.”

MikroTik Wiki – Hardware Support:

“RouterOS does not allow manual driver installation. All drivers are precompiled and built into the system image.”

Therefore, if your PCI Ethernet card is not recognized, you must replace it with a compatible model — you cannot add a driver manually.

When multiple gateways are used in an ECMP (Equal Cost Multi-Path) configuration, the check-gateway option ensures that RouterOS will actively monitor the health of each gateway using ping (or ARP). If a gateway becomes unreachable, RouterOS temporarily removes it from the active ECMP gateway list.

A.✘Incorrect – Unreachable gateways are excluded from packet forwarding.

B.✔Correct – Only reachable gateways are used in the ECMP round robin logic.

C.✘Incorrect – The entire ECMP route remains active; only the failed gateway is excluded.

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – ECMP Routing:

“With check-gateway enabled, RouterOS will exclude unreachable gateways from ECMP rotation.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Check-Gateway Option:

“When a gateway is unreachable, it is skipped in ECMP logic until it becomes reachable again.”

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – ECMP and Gateway Monitoring:

“Check-gateway helps prevent blackholing by skipping dead gateways. The route remains active.”

==================================

Both ping and traceroute are diagnostic tools used to test connectivity and network path behavior. While both use IP as the transport layer, they rely on specific protocols:

Ping uses ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply messages.

Traceroute typically uses UDP packets with increasing TTL (Time-To-Live) values to discover each hop.

On MikroTik devices, ping uses ICMP and traceroute uses UDP by default (though ICMP traceroute is also available in some implementations).

A. DHCP is unrelated. It's a protocol for IP address assignment.

B. IP is a network-layer protocol underlying ICMP and UDP, but it's not the specific diagnostic protocol.

C. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, not used for ping/traceroute.

D. Correct. ICMP is the protocol behind ping.

E. Correct. UDP is used by default in traceroute to trigger ICMP Time Exceeded messages from routers.

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – Tools Section:

“Ping uses the ICMP protocol to send Echo Request and receive Echo Reply. Traceroute sends UDP packets with incremented TTL values to discover intermediate hops.”

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – Diagnostic Tools:

"Traceroute in RouterOS sends UDP packets to a random port. Routers that receive the packet send ICMP Time Exceeded messages back when TTL expires. Ping uses ICMP directly."

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Ping and Traceroute:

“Ping uses ICMP protocol. Traceroute sends UDP packets, increasing TTL by one for each hop.”

RouterOS Level 1 license is the demo license that comes with all RouterOS installations (particularly on x86 or CHR before activation). It is unrestricted in time, meaning it never expires, but functionality is extremely limited.

A. 24 hours → Incorrect. There is no such time-limited restriction.

B. Infinite time → Correct. Level 1 license is perpetual but has limited features.

C. 1 month → Incorrect. MikroTik does not impose monthly timeouts on license levels.

D. 1 year → Incorrect. No temporary time-bound license is assigned by default.

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – Licensing Section:

“Level 1 (demo) license is unlimited in time but has very limited functionality. It is designed for testing purposes only.”

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – RouterOS Licensing:

“The Level 1 license is not time-limited, but it cannot be used in production due to its lack of key features.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Licensing Model:

“License level 1 is a free demo license that does not expire.”

===========

Mangle rules that mark routing (using the routing-mark property) can only be applied in the following chains:

prerouting: For traffic arriving at the router

output: For traffic generated by the router itself

Other chains like forward, input, postrouting do not support routing-mark.

A.✔Correct – prerouting and output are used for routing-mark

B.✘forward does not support routing-mark

C.✘forward is invalid for routing-mark

D.✘input does not support routing decisions

E.✘postrouting is used for NAT, not routing

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Mangle and Routing Marks:

“Routing-mark is applied only in prerouting (for transit traffic) and output (for router-generated traffic).”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Mangle:

“routing-mark can be used only in prerouting and output chains.”

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – Mangle and PBR:

“To perform policy-based routing, use prerouting or output to assign routing-marks.”

===========

A hub is a simple Layer 1 (Physical Layer) device that does not understand MAC addresses or IP addresses. It simply repeats electrical signals to all connected ports without inspection or filtering.

MTCNA Course Material – OSI Layer Device Roles:

“Hubs operate at the Physical Layer. They do not process frames or packets and function purely as repeaters.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – OSI Devices:

“Hubs are Layer 1 devices. They send bits — not frames — and have no concept of MAC addresses.”

Other options:

A: Session layer is Layer 5, handles sessions between applications

C: Switches/bridges operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2)

D: Application layer (Layer 7) is for user-level software like HTTP, FTP, etc.

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 138 [Cisco IOS – Access List Verification]

Which command is used to determine if an IP access list is enabled on a particular interface?

A. show access-lists

B. show interface

C. show ip interface

D. show interface access-lists

Answer: C

The command show ip interface displays the status of IP-level interface parameters, including whether an access list (ACL) is applied inbound or outbound.

Cisco IOS Command Reference – Interface ACL Check:

“Use show ip interface to verify whether an access list is applied to the interface and in which direction (in or out).”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Cisco Access List Monitoring:

“To verify ACL assignment to an interface, use show ip interface. It provides ACL status along with IP addressing info.”

Breakdown:

A: show access-lists → shows ACL contents, not interface bindings

B: show interface → shows interface stats, not ACL usage

D: Invalid syntax in Cisco IOS

Final Answer: CQUESTION NO: 139 [RouterOS Introduction – Transport Protocols]

Which protocol does DHCP use at the Transport layer?

A. IP

B. TCP

C. UDP

D. ARP

Answer: C

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) operates over UDP:

Client uses UDP port 68

Server uses UDP port 67

It is a connectionless protocol, and because clients typically do not yet have IP addresses, UDP is used due to its simplicity.

MTCNA Course Material – DHCP Protocol Layering:

“DHCP uses UDP for communication between clients and servers. TCP is not used due to the stateless, broadcast nature of DHCP discovery.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Port Assignments:

“UDP 67/68 are used by DHCP. TCP is not used because clients lack IPs initially.”

Other options:

A: IP is the network layer, not transport

B: TCP is used by reliable services (FTP, HTTP)

D: ARP resolves IP-to-MAC; unrelated to DHCP transport

Final Answer: CQUESTION NO: 140 [Cisco IOS – Remote Access Configuration]

Which of the following commands will allow you to set your Telnet password on a Cisco router?

A. line telnet 0 4

B. line aux 0 4

C. line vty 0 4

D. line con 0

Answer: C

The correct line configuration for remote Telnet (or SSH) access in Cisco IOS is via the virtual terminal (vty) lines. Typically, Cisco routers reserve 5 lines: vty 0 4. You then apply the password and login commands under this context.

Cisco IOS Configuration Guide – Telnet/VTY Setup:

“Use line vty 0 4 to configure access for Telnet sessions. Then use password and login to enforce authentication.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Cisco Access Configuration:

“VTY lines (virtual terminal) handle Telnet and SSH sessions. Console and aux lines are for local access.”

Other options:

A: line telnet is not a valid command

B: line aux → used for modem or auxiliary port access

D: line con 0 → used for console (local) access, not remote

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────