Pass the NCLEX Certification NCLEX-PN Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in the number platelets, which results in bleeding tendencies. Erythrocytosis is an abnormal increase in the number of circulating red blood cells. Leukocytosis is an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood. Polycythemia is also an excess of red blood cells and is a synonym for erythrocytosis. With chemotherapy there is a decrease in red and white blood cells, not an increase.Physiological Adaptation

The anthropologist Kleinman makes a distinction between disease and illness. Disease is the health care professionals’ biomedical understanding of the health problem, while illness is the client’s personal and unique understanding and definition of what is happening to him. The theorist states that cultural factors determine the importance of the various domains of influence.Health Promotion and Maintenance

The thiazide class of diuretics cause metabolic abnormalities such as elevated blood glucose levels. This elevation is caused in part by diuretic-induced potassium deficiency. Hypokalemia reduces the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells, thereby increasing plasma glucose levels. Thiazides have been used for many years in clients with the conditions described in choices 1 and 2. Thiazides decrease calcium excretion, thus decreasing the likelihood of renal calculi.Pharmacological Therapies

Accidents are the primary source of injury in children and can be life threatening. Appropriate nutrition should have been discussed during the weaning process and while the purchase of appropriate shoes is important, it is not life threatening. One year of age is too early to discuss toilet training.Health Promotion and Maintenance

Hepatitis A does not produce a carrier state. It is transmitted via contaminated water or food via the oral-fecal route and is not blood borne.Safety and Infection Control

Microorganisms that infect CVADs are often coagulase-negative staphylococci, which can be eliminated by antibiotic administration through the catheter. If unsuccessful in eliminating the microorganism, the CVAD must be removed. CVAD use lessens the need for peripheral IV lines and thus the risk of infiltration. In this case, however, the antibiotics are given to eradicate microorganisms from the CVAD. CVAD use has the effect described in Choice 2, but in this case, the antibiotics are given through the CVAD to eliminate the infective agent. The route does not prevent an allergic reaction.Pharmacological Therapies

Political power results from one’s ability to work within systems, agencies, or through policy to affect change. Personal power is based on one’s charisma and self-confidence and is often found in informal leadership situations. Positional power is based on designated authority in a legitimized position within which the power is exercised. Professional power is based on one’s professional skills and abilities resulting from one’s recognized expertise in an area of practice.Coordinated Care

It is an early deceleration as a result of head compression, and at this time no action is necessary. Close observation of the mother and baby is needed.Physiological Adaptation

Cholestasis due to TPN administration is an intrahepatic process that interrupts the normal flow of bile. Extrahepatic bile duct inflammation is cholangitis. Inflammation of the gallbladder is cholecystitis. Gallstones are formed by bile components.Pharmacological Therapies

Delegating is the act (or task) of assigning work to those that are capable and competent to do the work. Coaching, evaluating, and facilitating are supervisory activities that are people related.Coordinated Care

Pharmacodynamics pertain to the effect of a drug on receptors. Pharmaceutical reactions are chemical reactions between drugs prior to administration or absorption. Pharmacokinetic reactions refer to the body’s effect on the drug. Drug incompatibilities are another term for pharmaceutical reactions.Pharmacological Therapies

Structure standards define all the conditions needed to operate, direct, and control a system. They do not address client care but rather describe structure with regard to purpose, such as philosophy, objectives, goals, hours of operation, and management responsibility.Coordinated Care

Gagging during the gag reflex test indicates that cranial nerves IX and X (the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves) are intact.Health Promotion and Maintenance

Chickenpox (varicella) is an acute, infectious, airborne illness that requires others in direct contact to wear a respirator mask.Safety and Infection Control

To protect the confidentiality of the information being reported, the nurse should make the charge nurse on

the unit aware of the situation so that the information can be communicated in an appropriate way in privacy.

Coordinated Care