Pass the WGU Courses and Certificates Network-and-Security-Foundation Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

ABus topologyis a network setup in which all devices share a single communication channel (central wire), and data is transmitted along this cable. Each device listens for data but only processes packets addressed to it. This topology was widely used in older Ethernet networks.

Star topologyuses a central switch or hub, not a shared wire.

Point-to-point topologyinvolves a direct link between two devices, not multiple devices sharing a medium.

Ring topologyconnects each device to two adjacent devices in a circular path, not a single shared bus.

TheNetwork layer(Layer 3 of the OSI model) includes theInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is used for network diagnostics (e.g.,pingcommand). ICMP helps in error reporting and network troubleshooting.

Transport layerhandles reliable data delivery (e.g., TCP, UDP).

Session layermanages communication sessions.

Application layerprovides end-user services.

ARing topologyis a network setup where each device is connected to two adjacent devices, forming a circular path for data transmission. This topology ensures that data travels in a single orbidirectional loop.

Point-to-pointtopology refers to a direct connection between two devices without forming a larger network structure.

Bus topologyhas all devices connected to a single central cable, rather than forming a ring.

Star topologyfeatures a central hub or switch that connects all devices, rather than direct device-to-device links.

Anaccess point (AP)is a network device that extends the coverage of a wireless network by acting as a bridge between wired and wireless devices. It allows users to connect to a network without needing a direct wired connection. APs are particularly useful in large office spaces where Wi-Fi signals may not reach all areas.

Routersprimarily manage network traffic but do not directly extend network range unless they include built-in AP functionality.

Serversare used for hosting applications and storing data but do not extend network connectivity.

Switchesconnect wired devices within a local network but do not extend wireless network range.

Psychological acceptabilitystates that security measures should beuser-friendly and not overlyburdensome. If security controls are too complex, users may bypass them, leading to weaker security. In this case, employees used personal email because authentication procedures were too cumbersome.

Zero-trust modelenforces strict access control, not usability.

Least common mechanismlimits shared resources.

Fail-safeensures secure failure handling, not usability.

This describes aransomware attack, which falls underdenial of availabilitybecause it prevents users from accessing their data or systems until a ransom is paid. Attackers use encryption to lock files, disrupting operations.

Data modificationrefers to unauthorized changes to information.

Data exportinvolves stealing data rather than disabling access.

Launch pointdescribes an attacker's use of a compromised system to attack others.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)provides virtualized computing resources over the cloud, including virtual machines where users can install and configure their own operating systems and applications. It offers flexibility and scalability without requiring hardware investment. Examples include AWS EC2 and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines.

FaaSexecutes small code functions without infrastructure management.

PaaSprovides a managed platform but not full OS control.

SaaSoffers ready-to-use applications without infrastructure control.

Enhancing physical resource securityensures that servers, networking devices, and data storage facilities are protected from unauthorized physical access, theft, or tampering. This includes measures like biometric authentication, surveillance, and restricted access zones.

Using a variable network topologydoes not directly protect data.

Increasing wireless access point rangemay improve connectivity but does not enhance security.

WEPis weak and should not be used for data protection.