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Viewing questions 91-100 out of questions

Questions # 91:

A company wants to use AWS development tools to replace its current bash deployment scripts. The company currently deploys a LAMP application to a group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). During the deployments, the company unit tests the committed application, stops and starts services, unregisters and re-registers instances with the load balancer, and updates file permissions. The company wants to maintain the same deployment functionality through the shift to using AWS services.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CodeBuild to test the application. Use bash scripts invoked by AWS CodeDeploy's appspec.yml file to restart services, and deregister and register instances with the ALB. Use the appspec.yml file to update file permissions without a custom script.

Use AWS CodePipeline to move the application from the AWS CodeCommit repository to AWS CodeDeploy. Use CodeDeploy's deployment group to test the application, unregister and re-register instances with the ALB. and restart services. Use the appspec.yml file to update file permissions without a custom script.

Use AWS CodePipeline to move the application source code from the AWS CodeCommit repository to AWS CodeDeploy. Use CodeDeploy to test the application. Use CodeDeploy's appspec.yml file to restart services and update permissions without a custom script. Use AWS CodeBuild to unregister and re-register instances with the ALB.

Use AWS CodePipeline to trigger AWS CodeBuild to test the application. Use bash scripts invoked by AWS CodeDeploy's appspec.yml file to restart services. Unregister and re-register the instances in the AWS CodeDeploy deployment group with the ALB. Update the appspec.yml file to update file permissions without a custom script.

Questions # 92:

A company has an application that runs on AWS Lambda and sends logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. An Amazon Kinesis data stream is subscribed to the log groups in CloudWatch Logs. A single consumer Lambda function processes the logs from the data stream and stores the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The company's DevOps team has noticed high latency during the processing and ingestion of some logs.

Which combination of steps will reduce the latency? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs.

Increase the batch size in the Kinesis data stream.

Turn off the ReportBatchltemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

Increase the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream.

Answer

A, B, C

Explanation

The latency in processing and ingesting logs can be caused by several factors, such as the throughput of the Kinesis data stream, the concurrency of the Lambda function, and the configuration of the event source mapping. To reduce the latency, the following steps can be taken:

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer. This will allow the Lambda function to receive records from the data stream with dedicated throughput of up to 2 MB per second per shard, independent of other consumers1. This will reduce the contention and delay in accessing the data stream.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping. This will allow the Lambda service to invoke more instances of the function concurrently to process the records from the data stream2. This will increase the processing capacity and reduce the backlog of records in the data stream.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs. This will ensure that the function has enough concurrency available to handle the increased load from the data stream3. This will prevent the function from being throttled by the account-level concurrency limit.

The other options are not effective or may have negative impacts on the latency. Option D is not suitable because increasing the batch size in the Kinesis data stream will increase the amount of data that the Lambda function has to process in each invocation, which may increase the execution time and latency4. Option E is not advisable because turning off the ReportBatchItemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping will prevent the Lambda service from retrying the failed records, which may result in data loss. Option F is not necessary because increasing the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream will increase the throughput of the data stream, but it will not affect the processing speed of the Lambda function, which is the bottleneck in this scenario.

1: Using AWS Lambda with Amazon Kinesis Data Streams - AWS Lambda

2: AWS Lambda event source mappings - AWS Lambda

3: Managing concurrency for a Lambda function - AWS Lambda

4: AWS Lambda function scaling - AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda event source mappings - AWS Lambda

Scaling Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with AWS CloudFormation - Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

Questions # 93:

A company configured an Amazon S3 event source for an AWS Lambda function. The company needs the Lambda function to run when a new object is created or an existing object is modified in a specific S3 bucket. The Lambda function will use the S3 bucket name and the S3 object key of the incoming event to read the contents of the new or modified S3 object. The Lambda function will parse the contents and save the parsed contents to an Amazon DynamoDB table.

The Lambda function's execution role has permissions to 'eari from the S3 bucket and to Write to the DynamoDB table. During testing, a DevOpS engineer discovers that the Lambda fund on does rot run when objects are added to the S3 bucket or when existing objects are modified.

Which solution will resolve these problems?

Options:

Create an S3 bucket policy for the S3 bucket that grants the S3 bucket permission to invoke the Lambda function.

Create a resource policy for the Lambda function to grant Amazon S3 permission to invoke the Lambda function on the S3 bucket.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as an OnFailure destination for the Lambda function. Update the Lambda function to process messages from the SQS queue and the S3 event notifications.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as the destination for the S3 bucket event notifications. Update the Lambda function's execution role to have permission to read from the SQS queue. Update the Lambda function to consume messages from the SQS queue.

Questions # 94:

A company has developed a serverless web application that is hosted on AWS. The application consists of Amazon S3. Amazon API Gateway, several AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The company is using AWS CodeCommit to store the source code. The source code is a combination of AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) templates and Python code.

A security audit and penetration test reveal that user names and passwords for authentication to the database are hardcoded within CodeCommit repositories. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution to automatically detect and prevent hardcoded secrets.

What is the MOST secure solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Enable Amazon CodeGuru Profiler. Decorate the handler function with @with_lambda_profiler(). Manually review the recommendation report. Write the secret to AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a secure string. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from Parameter Store.

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Manually check the code review for any recommendations. Choose the option to protect the secret. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from AWS Secrets Manager.

Enable Amazon CodeGuru Profiler. Decorate the handler function with @with_lambda_profiler(). Manually review the recommendation report. Choose the option to protect the secret. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from AWS Secrets Manager.

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Manually check the code review for any recommendations. Write the secret to AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a string. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from Parameter Store.

Questions # 95:

A company has a guideline that every Amazon EC2 instance must be launched from an AMI that the company's security team produces. Every month, the security team sends an email message with the latest approved AMIs to all the development teams. The development teams use AWS CloudFormation to deploy their applications. When developers launch a new service, they have to search their email for the latest AMIs that the security department sent. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the process that the security team uses to provide the AMI IDs to the development teams. What is the MOST scalable solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Direct the security team to use CloudFormation to create new versions of the AMIs and to list the AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the stack's Outputs section. Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference to load the encrypted S3 object and obtain the most recent AMI ARNs.

Direct the security team to use a CloudFormation stack to create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that builds new AMIs and places the latest AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the pipeline output. Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference within their own CloudFormation template to obtain the S3 object location and the most recent AMI ARNs.

Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to place the AMI ARNs as parameters in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Instruct the developers to specify a parameter of type SSM in their CloudFormation stack to obtain the most recent AMI ARNs from Parameter Store.

Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic so that every development team can receive notifications. When the development teams receive a notification, instruct them to write an AWS Lambda function that will update their CloudFormation stack with the most recent AMI ARNs.

Questions # 96:

A company uses Amazon Redshift as its data warehouse solution. The company wants to create a dashboard to view changes to the Redshift users and the queries the users perform.

Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch log group. Create an AWS CloudTrail trail that writes to the CloudWatch log group.

Create a new Amazon S3 bucket. Configure default audit logging on the Redshift cluster. Configure the S3 bucket as the target.

Configure the Redshift cluster database audit logging to include user activity logs. Configure Amazon CloudWatch as the target.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard that has a log widget. Configure the widget to display user details from the Redshift logs.

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses Amazon Athena to query the Redshift logs. Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard that has a custom widget type that uses the Lambda function.

Questions # 97:

A company hosts applications in its AWS account Each application logs to an individual Amazon CloudWatch log group. The company’s CloudWatch costs for ingestion are increasing

A DevOps engineer needs to Identify which applications are the source of the increased logging costs.

Which solution Will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use CloudWatch metrics to create a custom expression that Identifies the CloudWatch log groups that have the most data being written to them.

Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to create a set of queries for the application log groups to Identify the number of logs written for a period of time

Use AWS Cost Explorer to generate a cost report that details the cost for CloudWatch usage

Use AWS CloudTrail to filter for CreateLogStream events for each application

Answer

Explanation

The correct answer is C.

A comprehensive and detailed explanation is:

Option A is incorrect because using CloudWatch metrics to create a custom expression that identifies the CloudWatch log groups that have the most data being written to them is not a valid solution. CloudWatch metrics do not provide information about the size or volume of data being ingested by CloudWatch logs. CloudWatch metrics only provide information about the number of events, bytes, and errors that occur within a log group or stream. Moreover, creating a custom expression with CloudWatch metrics would require using the search_web tool, which is not necessary for this use case.

Option B is incorrect because using CloudWatch Logs Insights to create a set of queries for the application log groups to identify the number of logs written for a period of time is not a valid solution. CloudWatch Logs Insights can help analyze and filter log events based on patterns and expressions, but it does not provide information about the cost or billing of CloudWatch logs. CloudWatch Logs Insights also charges based on the amount of data scanned by each query, which could increase the logging costs further.

Option C is correct because using AWS Cost Explorer to generate a cost report that details the cost for CloudWatch usage is a valid solution. AWS Cost Explorer is a tool that helps visualize, understand, and manage AWS costs and usage over time. AWS Cost Explorer can generate custom reports that show the breakdown of costs by service, region, account, tag, or any other dimension. AWS Cost Explorer can also filter and group costs by usage type, which can help identify the specific CloudWatch log groups that are the source of the increased logging costs.

Option D is incorrect because using AWS CloudTrail to filter for CreateLogStream events for each application is not a valid solution. AWS CloudTrail is a service that records API calls and account activity for AWS services, including CloudWatch logs. However, AWS CloudTrail does not provide information about the cost or billing of CloudWatch logs. Filtering for CreateLogStream events would only show when a new log stream was created within a log group, but not how much data was ingested or stored by that log stream.

[References:, CloudWatch Metrics, CloudWatch Logs Insights, AWS Cost Explorer, AWS CloudTrail, , , , , ]

Questions # 98:

An application running on a set of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group requires a configuration file to operate. The instances are created and maintained with AWS CloudFormation. A DevOps engineer wants the instances to have the latest configuration file when launched and wants changes to the configuration file to be reflected on all the instances with a minimal delay when the CloudFormation template is updated. Company policy requires that application configuration files be maintained along with AWS infrastructure configuration files m source control.

Which solution will accomplish this?

Options:

In the CloudFormaiion template add an AWS Config rule. Place the configuration file content in the rule's InputParameters property and set the Scope property to the EC2 Auto Scaling group. Add an AWS Systems Manager Resource Data Sync resource to the template to poll for updates to the configuration.

In the CloudFormation template add an EC2 launch template resource. Place the configuration file content in the launch template. Configure the cfn-mit script to run when the instance is launched and configure the cfn-hup script to poll for updates to the configuration.

In the CloudFormation template add an EC2 launch template resource. Place the configuration file content in the launch template. Add an AWS Systems Manager Resource Data Sync resource to the template to poll for updates to the configuration.

In the CloudFormation template add CloudFormation imt metadata. Place the configuration file content m the metadata. Configure the cfn-init script to run when the instance is launched and configure the cfn-hup script to poll for updates to the configuration.

Questions # 99:

A company runs applications on Windows and Linux Amazon EC2 instances The instances run across multiple Availability Zones In an AWS Region. The company uses Auto Scaling groups for each application.

The company needs a durable storage solution for the instances. The solution must use SMB for Windows and must use NFS for Linux. The solution must also have sub-millisecond latencies. All instances will read and write the data.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that has targets in multiple Availability Zones

Create an Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP Multi-AZ file system.

Create a General Purpose SSD (gp3) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to use for shared storage.

Update the user data for each application's launch template to mount the file system

Perform an instance refresh on each Auto Scaling group.

Update the EC2 instances for each application to mount the file system when new instances are launched

Answer

A, B, D

Questions # 100:

A DevOps engineer is implementing governance controls for a company that requires its infrastructure to be housed within the United States. The engineer must restrict which AWS Regions can be used, and ensure an alert is sent as soon as possible if any activity outside the governance policy takes place. The controls should be automatically enabled on any new Region outside the United States (US).

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an AWS Organizations SCP that denies access to all non-global services in non-US Regions. Attach the policy to the root of the organization.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs and enable it for all Regions. Use a CloudWatch Logs metric filter to send an alert on any service activity in non-US Regions.

Use an AWS Lambda function that checks for AWS service activity and deploy it to all Regions. Write an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs the Lambda function every hour, sending an alert if activity is found in a non-US Region.

Use an AWS Lambda function to query Amazon Inspector to look for service activity in non-US Regions and send alerts if any activity is found.

Write an SCP using the aws: RequestedRegion condition key limiting access to US Regions. Apply the policy to all users, groups, and roles