Pass the Cisco CCNP Security 350-701 Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

The command that results in these messages when attempting to troubleshoot an iPsec VPN connection is debug crypto isakmp. This command displays debug information about the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol, which is used to establish security associations (SAs) for IPsec VPNs. The messages in the exhibit show various steps and statuses of the IKE negotiation process, such as creating and deleting peer structures, receiving and sending packets, and checking the compatibility of the security policies and proposals. The other commands are either invalid (debug crypto ipsec endpoint and debug crypto isakmp connection) or display different information (debug crypto ipsec shows the details of the IPsec encryption and decryption operations). References: 

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-certifications/training/training-services/courses/implementing-and-operating-cisco-security-core-technologies-scor.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/ipsec-negotiation-ike-protocols/5409-ipsec-debug-00.html

Explanation

Explanation

The Mail Policies menu is where almost all of the controls related to email filtering happens. All the security and content filtering policies are set here, so it’s likely that, as an ESA administrator, the pages on this menu are where you are likely to spend most of your time.

Explanation

Cisco Firepower deployments can take advantage of platform settings policies. A platform settings policy is a shared set of features or parameters that define the aspects of a managed device that are likely to be similar to other managed devices in your deployment, such as time settings and external authentication. Examples of these platform settings policies are time and date settings, external authentication, and other common

administrative features.

A shared policy makes it possible to configure multiple managed devices at once, which provides consistency in your deployment and streamlines your management efforts. Any changes to a platform settings policy affects all the managed devices where you applied the policy. Even if you want different settings per device, you must create a shared policy and apply it to the desired device.

For example, your organization’s security policies may require that your appliances have a “No Unauthorized Use” message when a user logs in. With platform settings, you can set the login banner once in a platform settings policy.

Explanation

Cisco Cognitive Threat Analytics helps you quickly detect and respond to sophisticated, clandestine attacks that are already under way or are attempting to establish a presence within your environment. The solution automatically identifies and investigates suspicious or malicious web-based traffic. It identifies both potential and confirmed threats, allowing you to quickly remediate the infection and reduce the scope and damage of an attack, whether it’s a known threat campaign that has spread across multiple organizations or a unique threat you’ve never seen before.

Detection and analytics features provided in Cognitive Threat Analytics are shown below:

+ Data exfiltration: Cognitive Threat Analytics uses statistical modeling of an organization’s network to identify anomalous web traffic and pinpoint the exfiltration of sensitive data. It recognizes data exfiltration even in HTTPS-encoded traffic, without any need for you to decrypt transferred content

+ Command-and-control (C2) communication: Cognitive Threat Analytics combines a wide range of data, ranging from statistics collected on an Internet-wide level to host-specific local anomaly scores. Combining these indicators inside the statistical detection algorithms allows us to distinguish C2 communication from benign traffic and from other malicious activities. Cognitive Threat Analytics recognizes C2 even in HTTPSencoded or anonymous traffic, including Tor, without any need to decrypt transferred content, detecting a broad

range of threats

…

Explanation

Domain name system (DNS) is the protocol that translates human-friendly URLs, such as securitytut.com, into IP addresses, such as 183.33.24.13. Because DNS messages are only used as the beginning of each communication and they are not intended for data transfer, many organizations do not monitor their DNS traffic for malicious activity. As a result, DNS-based attacks can be effective if launched against their networks. DNS tunneling is one such attack.

An example of DNS Tunneling is shown below:

The attacker incorporates one of many open-source DNS tunneling kits into an authoritative DNSnameserver (NS) and malicious payload.2. An IP address (e.g. 1.2.3.4) is allocated from the attacker’s infrastructure and a domain name (e.g. attackerdomain.com) is registered or reused. The registrar informs the top-level domain (.com) nameservers to refer requests for attackerdomain.com to ns.attackerdomain.com, which has a DNS record mapped to 1.2.3.43. The attacker compromises a system with the malicious payload. Once the desired data is obtained, the payload encodes the data as a series of 32 characters (0-9, A-Z) broken into short strings (3KJ242AIE9, P028X977W,…).4. The payload initiates thousands of unique DNS record requests to the attacker’s domain with each string as

Explanation

Cisco Cloudlock is a cloud-native cloud access security broker (CASB) that helps you move to the cloud safely. It protects your cloud users, data, and apps. Cisco Cloudlock provides visibility and compliance checks, protects data against misuse and exfiltration, and provides threat protections against malware like ransomware.

 Cisco AnyConnect with Umbrella Roaming Security module protects a user from a phishing attack by enforcing security at the DNS layer and blocking malicious domains that are used for phishing campaigns. The Umbrella Roaming Security module integrates with the Cisco AnyConnect client and provides always-on security even when no VPN is active. The Umbrella Roaming Security module can replace the existing Cisco Umbrella roaming client or be part of a new AnyConnect deployment12.

Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) is not an endpoint solution, but a network access control and policy enforcement platform that can integrate with AnyConnect for posture assessment and compliance3. Cisco AnyConnect with ISE Posture module is used to check the compliance status of the endpoint device and apply the appropriate network access policy based on the posture result4. Cisco AnyConnect with Network Access Manager module is used to manage the network connections and profiles of the endpoint device and support various authentication methods5. Neither of these modules directly protect the user from a phishing attack.

References :=

Roaming Client: Umbrella Roaming Security (Integration with AnyConnect)

Secure Umbrella Roaming: Cisco Secure Client (Formerly AnyConnect)

Cisco Identity Services Engine

[Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Administrator Guide, Release 4.9 - Posture Module]

[Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Administrator Guide, Release 4.9 - Network Access Manager Module]

The cause of this issue is that NTP authentication is not enabled on the router. The commands shown in the exhibit only define the authentication key and mark it as trusted, but they do not enable NTP authentication globally or on a per-peer basis. To enable NTP authentication globally, the command ntp authenticate must be used. To enable NTP authentication on a per-peer basis, the command ntp server ip-address key key-id or ntp peer ip-address key key-id must be used, where key-id is the same as the one defined by the ntp authentication-key command. Without enabling NTP authentication, any device can synchronize time with this router, regardless of whether it has the same authentication key or not.

The other options are incorrect because:

The key was configured in plain text, but this is not the cause of the issue. Although it is recommended to use the ntp authentication-key key-id md5 key [encrypted] command to encrypt the key, using plain text does not prevent NTP authentication from working, as long as the same key is configured on both the router and the peer.

The hashing algorithm that was used was MD5, which is supported by NTP. MD5 is the default algorithm for NTP authentication and it can be used with any key length from 1 to 16 characters. Other algorithms, such as SHA and SHA1, are also supported by NTP if the OpenSSL library is installed, but they are not required for NTP authentication to work.

The router was not rebooted after the NTP configuration updated, but this is not necessary for NTP authentication to take effect. NTP authentication is applied immediately after the configuration commands are entered, and no reboot is required.

 To add switches into the fabric, administrators can use PowerOn Auto Provisioning (POAP) or Seed IP methods. POAP is a feature that automates the process of upgrading software images and installing configuration files on Cisco switches that are being deployed in the network for the first time. Seed IP is a method that allows administrators to specify the IP address of a switch that is already part of the fabric, and then use it to discover and add other switches that are connected to it. Both methods enable administrators to control how switches are added into DCNM for private cloud management. References:

POAP, section “PowerOn Auto Provisioning (POAP)”.

Seed IP, section “Add Switches”.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/ise/1-4-1/admin_guide/b_ise_admin_guide_141/b_ise_admin_guide_141_chapter_01110.html

FlexVPN and DMVPN are both Cisco technologies that use point-to-point GRE tunnels to create dynamic VPN networks. However, they differ in some aspects, such as:

FlexVPN is a newer solution that requires newer hardware and IOS versions, while DMVPN is more widely supported on older devices1.

FlexVPN is based on IKEv2, which is a more robust and efficient protocol than IKEv1, which is used by DMVPN (although DMVPN can also use IKEv2)2.

FlexVPN uses static or virtual access interfaces for GRE tunnels, while DMVPN uses a single multipoint GRE interface. This allows more flexibility and visibility for FlexVPN tunnels2.

FlexVPN does not require NHRP registration for spokes to communicate with the hub, while DMVPN does. This simplifies the configuration and reduces the overhead of NHRP3.

FlexVPN has only one standard mode of operation, while DMVPN has three phases with different characteristics and configurations2.

References := 1: what is the difference between dmvpn and flexvpn 2: Cisco FlexVPN DMVPN, Part 1 - Overview and Design 3: DMVPN to FlexVPN Soft Migration Configuration Example

Transparently identify users with authentication realms – This option is available when one or more authentication realms are configured to support transparent identification using one of the following authentication servers:

Active Directory – Create an NTLM or Kerberos authentication realm and enable transparent user identification. In addition, you must deploy a separate Active Directory agent such as Cisco’s Context Directory Agent. For more information, see Transparent User Identification with Active Directory.

LDAP – Create an LDAP authentication realm configured as an eDirectory, and enable transparent user identification. For more information, see Transparent User Identification with LDAP.

Details:

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/wsa/wsa11-0/user_guide/b_WSA_UserGuide/b_WSA_UserGuide_chapter_01001.html#:~:text=Transparently%20identify%20users%20with%20authentication,User%20Identification%20with%20LDAP.

A PAC file is a Proxy Auto-Configuration file that contains a JavaScript function that determines whether web browser requests go directly to the destination or are forwarded to a web proxy server. A PAC file allows the client desktop browsers to be configured to select when to connect direct or when to use the proxy based on the URL and the host name. A PAC file can be downloaded from a web server or a local file. A PAC file is more suitable for complex proxy configurations or multiple proxy servers12

A transparent mode is a proxy configuration where the client browsers do not need to be configured to use the proxy. The proxy intercepts the traffic and forwards it to the destination. A transparent mode does not allow the client browsers to select when to connect direct or when to use the proxy34

A forward file is not a valid proxy configuration method.

A bridge mode is a network configuration where a device connects two or more network segments and forwards traffic between them. A bridge mode is not a proxy configuration method5 References := 1: Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) file - HTTP | MDN 2: Proxy auto-config - Wikipedia 3: Explicit and Transparent Proxy - techdocs.broadcom.com 4: Configure Explicit Proxy - Palo Alto Networks | TechDocs 5: config web-proxy explicit | FortiGate / FortiOS 7.4.0

One of the key capabilities of endpoint security is to prevent phishing attacks by ensuring that antivirus and anti malware software is up to date. This helps to detect and block malicious attachments or links that may be embedded in phishing emails. Antivirus and anti malware software can also scan the endpoint for any signs of compromise or infection that may have resulted from a successful phishing attack. Additionally, endpoint security can provide data loss prevention (DLP) features that can prevent sensitive data from being exfiltrated by attackers who have gained access to the endpoint through phishing. References :=

Some possible references are:

Endpoint Security and Phishing: What to Know

Protect Against Spear Phishing with Endpoint Security

Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0 (source book)