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A network administrator can transparently identify users using Active Directory on the Cisco WSA in two ways:

Create NTLM or Kerberos authentication realm and enable transparent user identification. This option allows the WSA to use the NTLM or Kerberos protocol to authenticate users without prompting them for credentials. The WSA must join the Active Directory domain and have a valid service principal name (SPN) for this option to work1.

Deploy a separate Active Directory agent such as Cisco Context Directory Agent (CDA). This option allows the WSA to receive user-to-IP mappings from the CDA, which monitors the Active Directory domain controllers for user logon events. The CDA must be installed on a Windows server and have access to the domain controllers and the WSA2.

The other options are not ways to transparently identify users using Active Directory on the Cisco WSA. Creating an LDAP authentication realm and disabling transparent user identification will require users to enter their credentials manually. Installing the eDirectory client on each client workstation or deploying a separate eDirectory server are not related to Active Directory, but to Novell eDirectory, which is a different directory service3.

References := 1: User Guide for AsyncOS 11.0 for Cisco Web Security Appliances, Chapter: Acquire End-User Credentials, Topic: Active Directory/Kerberos, page 4-3. 2: User Guide for AsyncOS 11.0 for Cisco Web Security Appliances, Chapter: Acquire End-User Credentials, Topic: Active Directory Agent, page 4-5. 3: User Guide for AsyncOS 11.0 for Cisco Web Security Appliances, Chapter: Acquire End-User Credentials, Topic: eDirectory, page 4-8.

Explanation

Explanation

Denial-of-service (DDoS) aims at shutting down a network or service, causing it to be inaccessible to its

intended users.

The Smurf attack is a DDoS attack in which large numbers of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

packets with the intended victim’s spoofed source IP are broadcast to a computer network using an IP

broadcast address.

To force a session to be adjusted after a policy change is made, two configurations are required on Cisco ISE and on Cisco TrustSec devices: Dynamic Authorization and Change of Authorization (CoA). Dynamic Authorization allows Cisco ISE to send commands to network devices to change the authorization status of a user session. CoA is a feature that enables Cisco ISE to send a RADIUS message to a network device to reauthenticate or disconnect a user session. These two configurations enable Cisco ISE to apply the updated policy to the user session without requiring the user to log out and log in again.

According to the source book, the steps to configure Dynamic Authorization and CoA are as follows1:

On Cisco ISE, navigate to Administration > Network Resources > Network Devices and select the network device that supports TrustSec.

On the Edit Network Device page, select the Advanced TrustSec Settings tab and check the Support for CoA check box.

On the same tab, select the appropriate CoA type from the drop-down list. The options are RADIUS Disconnect, Port Bounce, and Reauth.

Click Submit to save the changes.

On the network device, enter the global configuration mode and issue the command aaa server radius dynamic-author to enable Dynamic Authorization.

Optionally, you can specify the source interface, authentication key, and port number for the Dynamic Authorization messages.

Exit the global configuration mode and save the configuration.

 1: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 4: Secure Connectivity, Lesson 4.2: Implementing TrustSec, Topic 4.2.3: Configuring TrustSec on Cisco ISE and Network Devices, pp. 4-83 to 4-85.

Device compliance checks are a feature of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) that allows you to verify the posture of endpoints before allowing them to access your network. Posture is the state of the endpoint in terms of security, such as the presence of anti-virus software, firewall, patches, and so on. A posture agent, such as the AnyConnect ISE Posture Agent, runs on the endpoint and collects posture information, which is then sent to the ISE server for evaluation. Based on the posture policy, the ISE server can grant or deny network access, or apply remediation actions to the endpoint. One of the benefits of conducting device compliance checks is that it validates if anti-virus software is installed on the endpoint, which can prevent malware infections and protect your network from threats. The other options are not benefits of device compliance checks, as they are not related to the posture of the endpoint. References:

Compliance - Cisco

Device Compliance - Cisco

Explanation

Zero Trust is a security framework requiring all users, whether in or outside the organization’s network, to be authenticated, authorized, and continuously validated for security configuration and posture before being granted or keeping access to applications and data. Zero Trust assumes that there is no traditional network edge; networks can be local, in the cloud, or a combination or hybrid with resources anywhere as well as workers in any location.

The Zero Trust model uses microsegmentation — a security technique that involves dividing perimeters into small zones to maintain separate access to every part of the network — to contain attacks.

Explanation

Explanation

If sysopt permit-vpn is not enabled then an access control policy must be created to allow the VPN traffic through the FTD device. If sysopt permit-vpn is enabled skip creating an access control policy.

Cisco Cloudlock is a cloud-native security platform that provides data loss prevention (DLP) capabilities for public cloud environments, such as SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS. Cisco Cloudlock can discover, classify, and protect sensitive data stored in cloud applications, such as Office 365, Google Workspace, Salesforce, Dropbox, and AWS. Cisco Cloudlock uses advanced techniques, such as regular expressions, keywords, dictionaries, and machine learning, to identify and monitor data based on predefined or custom policies. Cisco Cloudlock can also enforce actions, such as encryption, quarantine, deletion, or notification, to prevent data leakage or exposure12. References := 1: Cisco Cloudlock Data Sheet 2: Cloud Data Loss Prevention (Cloud DLP) Overview

Explanation

Explanation

You can also bring up the port by using these commands:

+ The “shutdown” interface configuration command followed by the “no shutdown” interface configuration

command restarts the disabled port.

+ The “errdisable recovery cause …” global configuration command enables the timer to automatically recover error-disabled state, and the “errdisable recovery interval interval” global configuration command specifies the time to recover error-disabled state.

Explanation

Obviously, if you allow all traffic to these risky domains, users might access malicious content, resulting in an infection or data leak. But if you block traffic, you can expect false positives, an increase in support inquiries, and thus, more headaches. By only proxying risky domains, the intelligent proxy delivers more granular visibility and control.

The intelligent proxy bridges the gap by allowing access to most known good sites without being proxied and only proxying those that pose a potential risk. The proxy then filters and blocks against specific URLs hosting malware while allowing access to everything else.

Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) is a Cisco IOS Software-based security solution for building scalable enterprise VPNs that support distributed applications such as voice and video. DMVPN provides scalability for organizations with many remote sites by using a hub-and-spoke topology with dynamic tunnels between spokes. This reduces the number of static tunnels required and simplifies the configuration and management of the VPN. DMVPN also supports dynamic routing protocols, multicast traffic, and quality of service (QoS) features, making it suitable for various network scenarios and requirements12 References := 1: Cisco Dynamic Multipoint VPN: Simple and Secure Branch-to-Branch Communications 2: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0

Dual-SSID BYOD is the term for when an endpoint is associated to a provisioning WLAN that is shared with guest access, and the same guest portal is used as the BYOD portal. This flow is a unique capability of ISE where the user does not have to log in twice, as ISE can take the user information from the 802.1X session and direct the user to the BYOD flow. Once the endpoint is onboarded, it is reconnected to the secured WLAN for full network access. This flow is different from single-SSID BYOD, where the endpoint associates to a secure WLAN, gets onboarded, and then reconnects to the same WLAN12. References: 1: ISE BYOD: Dual vs. Single SSID Onboarding - Cisco Community 2: Cisco ISE BYOD Prescriptive Deployment Guide - Cisco Community