Pass the GIAC Audit GSNA GSNA Questions and answers with ExamsMirror

A user can hide his identity using any firewall (such as IPChains), a proxy server, or an anonymizer.

John can use the UserInfo, PsFile, and PsPasswd tools in the enumeration phase. UserInfo is a utility that retrieves all available information about any known user from any Windows 2000/NT operating system (accessible by TCP port 139). UserInfo returns mainly the following information: SID and Primary group Logon restrictions and smart card requirements Special group Password expiration Note: UserInfo works as a NULL user even if the RestrictedAnonymous value in the LSA key is set to 1 to specifically deny anonymous enumeration. PsFile is a command-line utility that shows a list of files on a system that are opened remotely. It also allows a user to close opened files either by name or by a file identifier. The command syntax for PsFile is as follows: psfile [\\RemoteComputer [-u Username [-p Password]]] [Id | path] [-c] -u specifies the optional user name for logging in to a remote computer. -p specifies a password for a user name. If this is omitted, the user is prompted to enter the password without it being echoed to the screen. Id is the identifier of the file about which the user wants to display information. -c closes the files identifed by the ID or path. PsPasswd is a tool that helps Network Administrators change an account password on the local or remote system. The command syntax of PsPasswd is as follows: pspasswd [\\computer[,computer[,..] | @file [-u user [-p psswd]] Username [NewPassword]

According to the question, you highest priority is to scan the Web applications for vulnerability.

A port scanner is often used on the periphery of a network by either administrators or hackers. It will tell you what ports are open. By determining what ports are open, you know what services are exposed to the outside world. For example, if port 80 is open, then HTTP traffic is allowed, meaning there should be a Web server on the network. Answer: A is incorrect. Network mappers give a topography of the network, letting you know what is on your network and where it is connected. Answer: B is incorrect. A protocol analyzer does detect if a given protocol is moving over a particular network segment, thus would detect services working on that segment. However, a port scanner is a better tool for detecting all the ports that are open. Answer: D is incorrect. Packet sniffers are used to intercept traffic and to detect the contents of that traffic.

You took 3 seconds to establish a connection. During this time, the value of the Initial Sequence Number would become [24171311 + (1 * 64000) + (3 * 128000)], i.e., 24619311.

The getSession() method of the HttpServletRequest interface returns the current session associated with the request, or creates a new session if no session exists. The method has two syntaxes as follows: public HttpSession getSession(): This method creates a new session if it does not exist. public HttpSession getSession(boolean create): This method becomes similar to the above method if create is true, and returns the current session if create is false. It returns null if no session exists. Answer: B is incorrect. The getSession(false) method returns a pre-existing session. It returns null if the client has no session associated with it.

The hard or soft NFS mount options are used to specify whether a program using a file via an NFS connection should stop and wait (hard) for the server to come back online, if the host serving the exported file system is unavailable, or if it should report an error. Answer: A is incorrect. The intr NFS mount option allows NFS requests to be interrupted if the server goes down or cannot be reached. Answer: C is incorrect. The nfsvers=2 or nfsvers=3 NFS mount options are used to specify which version of the NFS protocol to use. Answer: D is incorrect. The fsid=num NFS mount option forces the file handle and file attributes settings on the wire to be num.

The pr command is used to format text files according to the specified options. This command is usually used to paginate or columnate files for printing. Answer: B is incorrect. The ps command reports the status of processes that are currently running on a Linux computer. Answer: A is incorrect. The wc command is used to count the number of bytes, words, and lines in a given file or in the list of files. Answer: C is incorrect. The tail command is used to display the last few lines of a text file or piped data.

The residual risk is the risk or danger of an action or an event, a method or a (technical) process that still conceives these dangers even if all theoretically possible safety measures would be applied. The formula to calculate residual risk is (inherent risk) x (control risk) where inherent risk is (threats vulnerability). Answer: B is incorrect. In information security, security risks are considered as an indicator of threats coupled with vulnerability. In other words, security risk is a probabilistic function of a given threat agent exercising a particular vulnerability and the impact of that risk on the organization. Security risks can be mitigated by reviewing and taking responsible actions based on possible risks. Answer: C is incorrect. Vulnerability is a weakness or lack of safeguard that can be exploited by a threat, thus causing harm to the information systems or networks. It can exist in hardware , operating systems, firmware, applications, and configuration files. Vulnerability has been variously defined in the current context as follows: 1.A security weakness in a Target of Evaluation due to failures in analysis, design, implementation, or operation and such. 2.Weakness in an information system or components (e.g. system security procedures, hardware design, or internal controls that could be exploited to produce an information-related misfortune.) 3.The existence of a weakness, design, or implementation error that can lead to an unexpected, undesirable event compromising the security of the system, network, application, or protocol involved.

A user can use some countermeasures to prevent WEP cracking. Although WEP is least secure, it should not be used. However, a user can use the following methods to mitigate WEP cracking: Use a non-obvious key. Use the longest key supported by hardware. Change keys often. Use WEP in combination with other security features, such as rapid WEP key rotation and dynamic keying using 802.1x. Consider WEP a deterrent, not a guarantee. Answer: D is incorrect. SSID stands for Service Set Identifier. It is used to identify a wireless network. SSIDs are case sensitive text strings and have a maximum length of 32 characters. All wireless devices on a wireless network must have the same SSID in order to communicate with each other. The SSID on computers and the devices in WLAN can be set manually and automatically. Configuring the same SSID as that of the other Wireless Access Points (WAPs) of other networks will create a conflict. A network administrator often uses a public SSID that is set on the access point. The access point broadcasts SSID to all wireless devices within its range. Some newer wireless access points have the ability to disable the automatic SSID broadcast feature in order to improve network security.